Most People Think Of Pain As Resulting From Physical Injury Or Disease,but Psychological Factors Play A Huge Role In Pain Perception. Pain Is Intimately Tied To Brain Functions That Govern Behaviour And Decision Making, Including Expectation, Attention And Learning. Pain Makes One Feel Tired; It Is Mentally Draining, Making One More Irritable, Emotional And Unable To Remain Positive. It Is Hardly Surprising That As A Result, Things Can Rapidly Spiral Out Of Control. After All, If A Person Goes From Being Energetic, Fun-loving And Happy, To Being Edgy, Withdrawn And Lethargic Because Of The Pain, It Is Inevitable That Very Quickly Family & Social Relationships Begin To Change. An Employer Or Colleague Who Sees A Promising Employee Beginning To Look Tired, Stressed And Tearful, May Quickly Change Their Opinion About That Person’s Abilities To Cope. A Definition Of Pain Pain Is Not Easy To Define. In 1979, The International Association For The Study Of Pain(iasp) Published Its First Working Definition Of Pain: “an Unpleasant Sensory And Emotional Experience Associated With Actual Or Potential Tissue Damage, Or Described In Terms Of Such Damage.” This Definition Emphasizes Not Just The Sensory Nature Of Pain And Its Relation To Tissue Injury, But Also Its Unpleasant Emotional Component And The Fact That It Can Be Felt Just The Same Without An Obvious Cause. The Definition’s Significance Is Exemplified By Pain Lasting Beyond The Point Of Tissue Repair (spinal Cord Injuries) Or Appear Without Tissue Damage (migraines) Or Be Felt By Stimuli That Do Not Normally Evoke Pain, Like Lightly Touching The Skin (post Herpetic Neuralgia). So There Is Much More To Pain Than A Simple Sensory Process. Psychogenic Pain Psychogenic Pain, Also Called Psychalgia Or Somatoform Pain Is Pain Caused, Increased, Or Prolonged By Mental, Emotional, Or Behavioral Factors. Headache, Back Pain, And Stomach Pain Are Sometimes Diagnosed As Psychogenic. Sufferers Are Often Stigmatized, Because Both Medical Professionals And The General Public Tend To Think That Pain From A Psychological Source Is Not “real”. However, Specialists Consider That It Is No Less Actual Or Hurtful Than Pain From Any Other Source. “the Term ‘psychogenic’ Assumes That Medical Diagnosis Is So Perfect That All Organic Causes Of Pain Can Be Detected; Regrettably, We Are Far From Such Infallibility… All Too Often, The Diagnosis Of Neurosis As The Cause Of Pain Hides Our Ignorance Of Many Aspects Of Pain Medicine.” Ronald Melzack, 1996. Why Visit A Psychologist For Pain? One Might Wonder “why Consult A Psychologist If I Have Pain? Are You Telling That The Pain Is All In My Brain?” In One Word, No! Pain Is Seldom, If Ever Exclusively Psychologically Caused. However, The Mind And The Body Are Tied Together In Physiological & Philosophical Terms, And The Mind Can Either Be Of Incredible Help In Healing Or Can Be An Overwhelming Obstacle. Consulting A Psychologist Certainly Does Not State That The Pain Is All In The Person’s Brain, As Unfortunately Some Clients Have Been Advised By Physicians Unable To Establish The Physical Basis Of The Pain. How Can Psychology Help? Psychology May Reverse Some Of The Impact Of The Pain Giving People A Greater Sense Of Control, Reducing Anxiety, Whilst Improving Memory, Concentration And Self-esteem. The Aim Is To Help People Work Out How To Live Their Life As Normally And In The Most Satisfying Way Possible, Despite The Pain. The Psychologist Will Not Tell How To Live One’s Life- After All You Are The Best Expert On How To Be Yourself. Our Role Is To Help One Explore And Discover What Things In Life Are Important And Meaningful, And What Factors Past And Present Stand In The Way Of Regaining Control Of His Or Her Life. Psychologists Assess And Treat Individuals Coping With Chronic Pain. Assessment Often Involves Examination Of Coping Skills And Looking For The Presence Of Depression, Post-traumaticstress And Other Disorders Which Can Occur In Chronic Pain And Traumatic Injuries. Psychologists Employ Treatment Strategies Such As Muscle Relaxation And Cognitive-behavioural Approach To Help Manage Pain And Improve Functioning. Chronic Pain Causes Disruption Of Self-esteem, Occupational & Family Roles. Stress Reactions And Pain Cause The Mind & Body To Become Aroused And Ready For Action. Increased Emotional And Physical Tension Accompany This State Which May Become Chronic, Resulting In Further Increased Pain, Reduction Of Function And Increased Risk Of Anxiety & Depression. Chronic Pain Sufferers May Find It Difficult To Focus On Things Other Than Their Pain, And Lose Access To The Satisfying Things They Previously Enjoyed. Others May Find It Difficult To Reduce Their Expectations And May Overdo Activities Resulting In Further Injuries Or A Cycle Of Overwork And Disability. Relaxation Therapy Along With Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Is Our First Line Of Treatment, Along With Medical Interventions. It Is Customized To One’s Individual Needs, And May Include: Relaxation Training Cognitive Restructuring Stress Management Sleep Hygiene Activity Pacing Coping Strategies & Assertiveness Training The Psychological Interventions Which We Provide At Axon Pain Management Are Highly Effective In Reducing Pain, Disability And Distress, With A Positive Impact On Your Quality Of Life. About The Author: Dr Johnsey Thomas Is A Registered Practitioner Of Clinical Health Psychology In Hyderabad – India, Associated With Axon Pain Management. He Deals With A Wide Range Of Problem Areas, With A Passion For Working With People Suffering From Pain. He Mentions Chronic Pain As One Of The Most Demanding Problem People Come Across With, Which Can Devastate Lives In Terms Of Work, Activities And Relationships

Primary Cartilage Tympanoplasty: Our Technique And Results.(dr Mubarak Khan,pune) Am J Otolaryngol. 2010 Sep 9. [epub Ahead Of Print]primary Cartilage Tympanoplasty: Our Technique And Results.khan Mm, Parab Sr.abstractcartilage Has Shown To Be A Promising Graft Material To Close Tympanic Membrane Perforations. However, Due To Its Rigid Quality, Doubts Are Raised Regarding Its Sound Conduction Properties. It Has Been Suggested That Acoustic Benefit May Be Obtained By Thinning The Cartilage. We Describe Our Innovative Method For Harvesting Tragal Cartilage From The Same Endaural Incision And Also Describe Preparation Of The Graft By Slicing It. We Present Our 3-year Experience Of Shield Cartilage Type 1 Tympanoplasty Using Sliced Tragal Cartilage-perichondrium Composite Graft.aim: The Aim Of This Study Was To Prove The Success Rate Of Our Technique Of Shield Cartilage Tympanoplasty Using Sliced Tragal Cartilage Graft In Terms Of Functional And Anatomic Results.study Design: Retrospective Analysis Of Type 1 Cartilage Tympanoplasties Using Sliced Tragal Cartilage Was Carried Out In Mimer Medical College And Sushrut Ent Hospital During May 2005 To January 2008 With A Minimum Follow-up Of 2 Years.method And Materials: A Total Of 223 Ears Were Operated By Our Technique.results: The Overall Success Rate Of Our Technique Was 98.20% In Terms Of Perforation Closure And Air Bone Gap Closure Within 7.06 ± 3.39 Db. The Success Rates In The Various Age Group Are As Follows: 11 To 20 Years, 97.67%; 21 To 40 Years, 99.12%; And 41 To 60 Years, 96.96%.conclusion: Our Technique Of Type 1 Cartilage Tympanoplasty Achieves Good Anatomic And Functional Results.

Intensive Practical Training Program In Psychological Counselling The Heart To Heart Counselling Centre Has Organised A Six-week Intensive Practical Training Program In Psychological Counselling Along With Sensitivity Training During February-march-april 2012 At Heart To Heart Counselling Centre, 10 Jerbai Baug, Ambedkar Road, Near Gloria Chuch, Byculla (east), Mumbai 27, India. This Course Is An Intensive Professional Level Certificate Course In Counselling Based On Robert Carkhuff Model Of Counselling - An Offshoot Of Carl Roger’s Client Centered Therapy. This Professional Training Is Rooted In Humanistic Psychotherapy Where You Learn The Scientific, Contemporary And Internationally Most Widely Accepted Methodology Of Counselling By An International Trainer Dr.minnu R. Bhonsle. It Is Ideal For Those Who Are Or Want To Be In People-oriented Professions Such As Psychologists, Counsellors, Hr Personnel, Leaders & Trainers In Corporate World, Teachers, Social Workers, Doctors, Therapists, Healers, Yoga Teachers, Medical, Paramedical & Psychology Students, Management Trainees And Social Workers. Venue: Heart To Heart Counselling Centre, 10 Jerbai Baug, Ambedkar Road, Near Gloria Chuch, Byculla (east), Mumbai 400027, India Duration: Six Weeks. Total 20 Sessions Of Two Hours Each On Mondays, Wednesdays And Fridays. Timings: Morning Batch (11.15 A.m. To 1.15 P.m.), Afternoon Batch (2.45 To 4.45 P.m.) & Evening Batch (5.45 To 7.45 P.m.) The Prospectus Of The Course Can Be Read On-line By Clicking On Any Of The Following Hyperlink ~ Http://www.hearttoheartindia.net/courses/certificate-course-in-counselling/ Admissions For These Three Batches Are Now Open. Interested Candidates Can Contact On The Following Address & Telephone Numbers For Registration. Prof. Dr. Rajan Bhonsle, M.d.(bom) (hon.professor & Head Of The Department Kem Hospital & G.s. Medical College, Mumbai) Director, Heart To Heart Counselling Centre 10 Jerbai Baug, Ambedkar Road, Near Gloria Church, Byculla (east), Mumbai 400027, India Mobile: 9821093902 Tel : 22184528 / 23778624 / 23755866 Website: Www.hearttoheartindia.net