Color Blindness Is An Inherited Defect Of Vision, Resulting In A Person's Inability To Distinguish Between Specific Colors.partial Color Blindness Is More Common Than Total Color Blindness, In Which A Person Sees Everything As Shades Of Gray(grey). The Most Common Form Of Partialcolor Blindness Leads To Inability Todistinguish Between Red And Green And Rarely Between Blue And Yellow.color Blindness Is A Fairly Common Conditionwhich Occurs More In Men Than Women, But It Is Rarely A Serious Disadvantage To Those Affected.approximately One In 20 Men And One In 200 Women Are Affected .some Studies Suggest That About Eight Percent Of The World's Male Population And Less Than One Percent Of Female Population Are Affected .many People Are Unaware They Are Color Blind Until Their Eyes Have Been Tested .the Retina Compromises Two Types Of Photoreceptors , Rods And Cones. Although The Rods Are More Numerous, Some 120 Million, And Are More Sensitive Than The Cones, They Are Not How-ever, Sensitive To Color. Rods Are Responsible For Vision At Low Light Levels(scotopic Vision) And They Do Not Meditate Color Vision And Have A Low Spatial Acuity The Six Or Seven Million Cones That Provide The Eye's Color Sensitivity Are Much More Concentrated In The Central Yellow Spot Known As The Macula.being Active At Higher Light Levels (photopic Vision) Cones Are Capable Of Color Vision And Are Responsible For High Spatial Acuity. In Simple Terms It May Be Said That Cones Require Brighter Light To Function Than Rods.red ,green And Have Their Corresponding Wavelengths . Red Wavelengths Are Longest, Followed By Green Wavelengths (medium) And Blue Color Is Made Up Of Shorter Wavelengths .they Are Red , Blue And Green Cones Which Are Sensitive To Those Colors And Combinations Of Them. If The Cones Do Not Work Properly Or If There Is No Right Combination, The Brain Does Not Get The Right Message About The Colors You Are Seeing.the Visible Colors From Shortest To Longest Wavelength Are Violet, Blue , Green , Yellow , Orange And Red.the Visible Red Light Having A Wavelength Of About 650 Nanometers Is Responsible For The Presence Of Red Or Orange Color At Sunrise And Sunset, Because The Wavelengths Associated With These Colors Are Less Efficiently Scattered By The Atmosphere Than The Shorter Wavelength Colors Such As Blue Or Purple.the Visible Green Light Having A Wavelength Of About 510 Nm Makes The Grass Appear Green Because All The Colors In The Visible Part Of Spectrum Are Absorbed Into The Leaves Of The Grass Appears Greenthe Visible Blue Light Having A Wavelength Of About 475 Nm Are Scattered More Efficiently By The Molecules In The Atmosphere Which Cause The Sky To Appear Blue.people Who Are Born Blind Do Not See Images In Dreams, But Have Dreams Vivid Involving Their Other Senses Of Sound, Smell, Touch And Emotion.color Blindness Caused By A Disease Of The Retina Or Optic Nerve Is Progressive And Associated With A General Deterioration Of Vision, Unlike Inherited Variety Where The Ability To See Detail Is Unaffected And The Condition Never Worsen.it Is Tested With Ishihara Chart Normally Their Are Means Of Testing Colour Blindness. Please Share============== S.s.venkateshwar, Andaman And Nicobar Islands

We All Know How Important It Is To Keep Our Bodies Fit By Doing Things Like Going To The Gym, Jogging, And Swimming. But, Did You Know That You Can Exercise Your Eyes As Well? Eye Exercising Will Keep Your Eyes Healthy And Help Minimize Eyestrain. Here Are Some Easy To Follow Steps And Tips To Exercise Your Eyes And Keep Them Healthy! Palming Exercise - Sit Comfortably On A Chair. Rub Your Hands Together Until They Feel Warm. Close Your Eyes And Cover Them Lightly With Your Cupped Palms. Avoid Applying Pressure On Your Eyeballs. Place Your Palms So That The Nose Remains Uncovered, And The Eyes Remain Behind The Slight Hollow Of The Palms. Make Sure That No Light Rays Enter The Eyes, And Leave No Gaps Between Fingers Or Between The Edge Of The Palms And The Nose. You May Still See Other Lingering Traces Of Colors. Imagine Deep Blackness And Focus On The Blackness. Take Deep Breaths Slowly And Evenly, While Thinking Of Some Happy Incident; Or Visualize A Distant Scene. After Your Eyes See Nothing But Blackness, Remove Your Palms From Your Eyes. Repeat The Palming For 3 Minutes Or More. Close Your Eyes Tightly For 3-5 Seconds, Then Open Them For 3-5 Seconds. Repeat This 7 Or 8 Times. Close Your Eyes And Massage Them With Circular Movements Of Your Fingers For 1-2 Minutes. Make Sure You Press Very Lightly; Otherwise, You Could Hurt Your Eyes. Press Three Fingers Of Each Hand Against Your Upper Eyelids, And Hold Them There For 1-2 Seconds, Then Release. Repeat 5 Times. Sit And Relax. Roll Your Eyes Clockwise, Then Counter-clockwise. Repeat 5 Times, And Blink In Between Each Time. Focusing Exercises � Sit About 6 Inches (150 Mm) From The Window. Make A Mark On The Glass At Your Eye Level (a Small Sticker, Black Or Red, Would Be Perfect). Look Through This Mark And Focus On Something Far Away For 10-15 Seconds; Then Focus On The Mark Again. Hold A Pencil In Front Of You At Arm�s Length. Move Your Arm Slowly To Your Nose, And Follow The Pencil With Your Eyes Until You Can Keep It In Focus. Repeat 10 Times. Look In Front Of You At The Opposite Wall And Pretend That You Are Writing With Your Eyes, Without Turning Your Head. It May Seem Difficult At First, But With A Bit Of Practice It Is Really Fun. The Bigger The Letters, The Better The Effect. Imagine That You Are Standing In Front Of A Really Big Clock. Look At The Middle Of The Clock. Then Look At Any Hour Mark, Without Turning Your Head. Look Back At The Center. Then Look At Another Hour Mark. Do This At Least 12 Times. You Can Also Do This Exercise With Your Eyes Closed. Focus On A Distant Object (over 150 Feet Or 50 M Away) For Several Seconds And Slowly Refocus Your Eyes On A Nearby Object (less Than 30 Feet Or 10 M Away) That�s In The Same Direction. Focus For Several Seconds And Go Back To The Distant Object. Do This 5 Times. Focus On An Object In The Distance (as Far As Possible) With A Low Contrasting Background. Do This For A Few Minutes Every Half Hour Or So. This Does Not Improve Your Vision, Nor Does Any Other Technique. It Can, However, Maintain Your Best Eyesight Level During The Day And Prevent Significant Further Vision Deterioration. Make Up And Down Eye Movements Starting From Up To To Down. Do This 8 Times. Then Do The Side To Side Eye Movement, Starting From Left To Right. Repeat This 8 Times. Make Sure Not To Add Pressure To Your Eyes! It Only Worsen Your Vision! Tips It�s More Important To Do The Exercises Regularly Than To Do Them For A Long Time. Even 30-60 Seconds Of Eye Movement Every Hour Is Very Helpful. For Example, When Your Computer Takes Its Sweet Time To Do Something, Most People Just Stare At The Poor Thing And Waste The Time, But You Can Make A Few Circles With Your Eyes. Even The First Day You Do This, You Should Notice That, When You Finish Working, Your Eyes Aren�t As Tired As Usual. Taking Short Breaks From Near Work (e.g. Staring At A Computer Monitor) To Stare Out To The Distance Also Relieves Some Strain. Palming Is A Good Method To Help Your Eyes Feel Better. You Close Your Eyes And Put Your Palms Over Them, This Will Rest Your Eyes. Blink The Eyes Many Times. Splash Your Eyes With Cold Water Repeatedly When Feasible, And Especially When Your Eyes Are Strained Thanking You Dr Rajashekar Bogadi Surecare Homeopathy Http://www.surecare.in/

Primary Cartilage Tympanoplasty: Our Technique And Results.(dr Mubarak Khan,pune) Am J Otolaryngol. 2010 Sep 9. [epub Ahead Of Print]primary Cartilage Tympanoplasty: Our Technique And Results.khan Mm, Parab Sr.abstractcartilage Has Shown To Be A Promising Graft Material To Close Tympanic Membrane Perforations. However, Due To Its Rigid Quality, Doubts Are Raised Regarding Its Sound Conduction Properties. It Has Been Suggested That Acoustic Benefit May Be Obtained By Thinning The Cartilage. We Describe Our Innovative Method For Harvesting Tragal Cartilage From The Same Endaural Incision And Also Describe Preparation Of The Graft By Slicing It. We Present Our 3-year Experience Of Shield Cartilage Type 1 Tympanoplasty Using Sliced Tragal Cartilage-perichondrium Composite Graft.aim: The Aim Of This Study Was To Prove The Success Rate Of Our Technique Of Shield Cartilage Tympanoplasty Using Sliced Tragal Cartilage Graft In Terms Of Functional And Anatomic Results.study Design: Retrospective Analysis Of Type 1 Cartilage Tympanoplasties Using Sliced Tragal Cartilage Was Carried Out In Mimer Medical College And Sushrut Ent Hospital During May 2005 To January 2008 With A Minimum Follow-up Of 2 Years.method And Materials: A Total Of 223 Ears Were Operated By Our Technique.results: The Overall Success Rate Of Our Technique Was 98.20% In Terms Of Perforation Closure And Air Bone Gap Closure Within 7.06 � 3.39 Db. The Success Rates In The Various Age Group Are As Follows: 11 To 20 Years, 97.67%; 21 To 40 Years, 99.12%; And 41 To 60 Years, 96.96%.conclusion: Our Technique Of Type 1 Cartilage Tympanoplasty Achieves Good Anatomic And Functional Results.