Many clinical research groups have studied the possibility that cancer therapy can be selected on the basis of specific mutations suspected of driving cancer growth, but the new initiative, called BATTLE (Biomarker-integrated Approaches of Targeted Therapy for Lung cancer Elimination), is testing the hypothesis with a high degree of rigor. In BATTLE, molecular features of the tumor entirely drive the treatment selection.The basis is to stop looking at drugs and start looking at the individual tumors.The traditional way has been a retrospective analysis of tissue samples to stratify response rates by tumor characteristics.The new way is to base therapy on the tissue characteristic of the biopsy taken at diagnosis.It is a very important study which shows that it is possible to collect tissue and evaluate it for biomarkers in a time frame, that is acceptable for directing therapy.