Duodenal switch, one of the most complicated weight loss surgeries, is also known as vertical gastrectomy with duodenal switch, gastric reduction with duodenal switch, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, DS or BPD-DS. Duodenal switch packs a one -two punch against obesity.It does so, by combining two surgical techniques: restrictive and malabsorptive.The restrictive component involves reducing the size of the stomach.Your bariatric surgeon would divide the stomach vertically and remove more than 85% of it. The stomach that remains is shaped like a banana and can accomodate about 100 to 150 mls or 6 ounces.
Duodenal switch is a variation of another procedure, called biliopancreatic diversion.But the duodenal switch leaves a larger portion of the stomach intact including the pyloric valve, which regulates the release of stomach contents into the small intestine.As the name suggests, duodenal switch also keeps small part of the duodenum in the digestive system.Food mixes with stomach acids, then moves down to the duodenum, where they mix with bile from the gall bladder and digestive juices from the pancreas. Malabsorptive surgeries restrict the amount of calories and nutrients that the body absorbs.The malabsorptive component of duodenal switch surgery involves rearranging the small intestine to seperate the flow of food from the flow of bile and pancreatic juice.The food and the digestive juices interact only in the last 18 to 24 inches of the intestine, allowing malabsorption. Unlike the restrictive part of the surgery, the intestinal bypass part of the duodenal switch, is partially reversible, if the patient experiences malabsorptive complications.With the duodenal switch, you consume less food than normal, but it is still more than with other weight loss surgeries.Even this amount of food cannot be digested normally, so a large portion of the food passes undigested through the shortened intestine, thereby causing weight loss in the morbidly obese.This surgery is also done laparoscopically.

HIV : AIDS : FAMILY PLANNING IS A MUST FOR HIV COUPLE -DANGER OF SPREADING TO INNOCENT CHILDREN IS A KNOWN CRIME
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WE should try our best to educate every hiv/aids persons if living in family that they should take all precutions themselves that this doisease doesnot reach their life parner(using condom during sex,sex is not a bar with negative partner but condom is a must even when viral load is minimum except 1-2 times sex allowed without condom for pregnancy under strict medical guide ) use all method of avoiding contamination of their blood,semen,body fluid like saliva,spits urine ,stool leakage of fluid from brain,cut injury from any where,sputum but not tears and sweat to mix with negative meber at home particularly children and family members or person at office or working place and health staff giving them service,never hide your disease,there is no shame no stigma,it is a disease it happened to you and can happen to me or any body .
Second if 1-2 child born then they should undergo vasectomy or tubectomy permannantly to avoid further pregnancy.if not interested in permannant one then woman can use pills or IUCD insersation .simple sex during non ovulation period or sperm ejaculation out side or spermicide or vaginal spermicide jelly is not that protective one.
Sex with condom is amust as if two hiv positive persons meet their genotype of virus may be different and a new virus genotype in one person and vice versa.so avoid sex without condom even with life partner what to talk of sex with stanger where condom is a must.
never transfuse blood to any person,never share needle,never donate blood or any other organ.

HIV vaccine development necessary for a durable end to AIDS / HIV

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Broader global access to lifesaving antiretroviral therapies and wider implementation of proven HIV prevention strategies could potentially control and perhaps end the HIV/AIDS pandemic. However, a safe and at least moderately effective HIV vaccine is needed to reach this goal more expeditiously and in a more sustainable way, according to a new commentary from Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, and colleague Hilary D. Marston, M.D., M.P.H.

In the piece, the authors note that behavioral, cultural and legal factors have hindered HIV prevention and treatment efforts and explain why those factors necessitate the development of an HIV vaccine. Although attempts to develop a vaccine have so far proven disappointing, recent advances offer encouraging areas for HIV vaccine researchers to pursue, according to the authors. Notably, the discovery of naturally occurring broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV and studies of their stimulation in infected individuals have opened new avenues in vaccine development. Using improved understanding of those antibodies and the specific sites on HIV to which they bind, the natural process of antibody evolution could be replicated and greatly expedited allowing protection against initial infection. Significant advances also have been made in understanding T-cell responses that may be important to vaccine-induced immunity against HIV.

The authors conclude that "the HIV prevention community should hold fast to its commitment to vaccine science. Ultimately, we believe, the only guarantee of a sustained end of the AIDS pandemic lies in a combination of nonvaccine prevention methods and the development and deployment of a safe and sufficiently effective HIV vaccine."

AIDS:UN DECLARATION ZERO HIV / ZERO DISCRIMINATION BY 2015

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There are 22 priority countries; they have the highest number of pregnant women living with HIV, as recognised in the �Global Plan towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keeping their mothers alive�.Global plan was formulated by 110 countries of World in UN HQ by formulating 10 TARGETS ,THE GOAL TO BE COMPLETED BY 2015 WITH YEARLY SURVEILLANCE AND MONITORING OF PROGRAMME AND ITS SUCCESS AND HINDRANCE to combat hiv/aids spread,contamination and new cases to promote zero tolernce for hiv/aids,no new cases or ZERO HIV NEW INFECTION AND DEATH DUE TO AIDS by good funding of screening every person for HIV/AIDS and providing primary and secondary treatment for every infected person in countries like india,and other sian countries and countries of AFRICA AND LATIN AMERICA and to extend insurance sector to HIV /AIDS IN USA BY PRESIDENT PROFAR PROGRAMME,ZERO DISCRIMINATION OR STIGMA for HIV LIKE A BILL IN UPPER HOUSE IN INDIA to punish those who discriminate HIV /AIDS.
These 22 countries are: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, C�te d�Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. India is the only country not in Africa.
10 TARGETS SETS UNIVERSALLY TO COMBAT HIV/AIDS WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON ABOVE 22 COUNTRIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:-----.

1.Reduce sexual transmission of HIV by 50% by 2015
2.Halve the transmission of HIV among people who inject drugs by 2015
3.Eliminate HIV infections among children and reduce maternal deaths
4.Reach 15 million people living with HIV with lifesaving antiretroviral treatment by 2015
5.Halve tuberculosis deaths among people living with HIV by 2015
6.Close the global AIDS resource gap
7.Eliminate gender inequalities and gender-based abuse and violence and increase the capacity of women and girls to protect themselves from HIV
8.Eliminate HIV-related stigma, discrimination, punitive laws and practices
9..Eliminate HIV-related restrictions on entry, stay and residence
10.Strengthen HIV integration � with Sikkim Aids Empl Assocn and 15 others. (4 photos)

HIV /AIDS: ARV MEDICINES : SOME TRUTHS & MYTHS OF TREATMENT FOR HIV /AIDS PATIENTS FOR BETTER ADHERANCE & CURE

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Antiretroviral therapy -- or ART -- A COMBINATION OF 3-4 DRUGS COMPRISING OF EITHER NRIT OR NNRITS WITH PROTESE INHIBITOR WITH FUSION OR INTEGRASE INHIBITOR OR RECEPTOR BLOCKE revolutionized HIV treatment in the past few decades. And newer improvements, like one-pill-a-day drugs,or injections once a quarter as i wrote in my last article,are making life with HIV easier and safer.
Like chronic disease as hypertension,Diabetes,thyroid or Kidney or cancer we have to take this medicines regularly without any fail and if we do so we shall get Viral load or quantity of virus in our body decreses and our defense cell cd4 population rises and we live a normal life and no opputunistic infections like tb,diarrhoea,skin rashes,ulcers or mouth lesion or fungal infection attacks us.decision to which drug to be used is a complcated one and only an experienced doctor keeping details of type of patients,exposures and presence of infections and general condition of patients and personal history of pt and economical conditions all gives input to DOCTOR TO SELECT DRUG ON EXPERIENCE and DOCTORCHANGES IT IF RESPONSE IS NOT COMING OR ADD SOME MORE IF OPPUTUNISTIC OR OTHER SYMPTOS DEVELOP.
SO SELF MEDICATION OR MEDICATION ONSIMPLE NET OR TELEPHONIC ADVICE ARE DANGEROUS AND SHOULD BE NEVER TAKEN.TILL NOW ALTERNATIVE HERBAL MEDICINES EFFICACY IS NOT PROOVED SO NEVER TRUST THEM AND AVOID THEM EXCEPT SOME VITMINS,FOOD SUPPLEMENTS AND EXCERCISES.

5 Things to Know About HIV Medications;--
There are lots of myths and stale, outdated information about HIV treatment. Here are five things you should know about ART.
It's easier to take than it used to be. A lot of people with HIV just take one pill once a day. That's it. That one combination pill -- Atripla, Complera, or Stribild -- packs in all the different active ingredients you need. Most people don't need the "cocktails" with complicated dosing schedules anymore.
You have lots of options. Some people need drug combinations. There are six classes of antiretroviral drugs for HIV and more than 30 drugs. If one doesn't work or causes side effects, the doctor has many other choices.
Medications work for a long time. People used to worry that their drugs would stop working after a while and that they'd have to keep switching to new ones. That's not really a risk now. "As long as you keep taking your medications, the same treatment can work for decades," Hare says.
Drugs have fewer side effects. While specific side effects depend on the drug, HIV treatment is much safer and easier to tolerate than it used to be. For most people, side effects -- like upset stomach and diarrhea -- are minor and often go away. Long-term risks include cholesterol problems and weakened bones. But even so, the risks of treatment are much lower than the risks of not getting it, Hare says.
You may start taking medication as soon as you're diagnosed. Many experts believe that the sooner you start treatment, the better. However, some doctors prefer to wait until your CD4 count, a measure of some immune cells, drops to a certain point before starting treatment. See what your doctor recommends.