Author : Naqoosh Haidry, Ritesh Raj, Sandeep Kashyap, Brijesh Byrappa, Amit Kumar, Ankur Singh

Introduction: Surgical removal of the impacted mandibular
third molar is one of the most frequently performed surgical
procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The purpose of
this study was to compare the primary and secondary wound
closure after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third
molars by evaluating the extent of facial swelling, the severity
of pain and degree of trismus.

Material and Methods: A prospective, randomized,
clinical trial was conducted in 80 patients. The patients were
randomly divided into two groups of 40 each. In Group 1:
patients underwent primary closure of the wound and in
Group 2: patients underwent secondary closure of the wound.
Postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus were evaluated on
the 2nd and 7th day postoperatively.

Results: Statistically significant difference was observed for
facial swelling and trismus on 2nd postoperative days between
both groups. Postoperative pain was less in the secondary
closure group.

Conclusion: From the outcome of the above study we can
conclude that the secondary wound closure technique has a
significant advantage over primary wound closure concerning
swelling and trismus.

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The medical for stretch marks is "Oestriae atrophic" which tabor's medical dictionary describes as fie pinkish- white or gry lines, usually 14cm in length, seen in part of the body where the skin has been stretched. Commonly seen on thighs, abdomen, and breasts of women who are or have been pregnant, in persons whose skin has been stretch by obesity, tumor, or dropsy, or in persons who have taken for a prolonged period.


This is different from cellulite, which is a dimpling of the skin caused by a thin upper layer of the skin with large, irregular fat cells below. Stretch marks are, however, somewhat related to cellulite in that women are much more susceptible than men due to skin anatomy. Women have more subcutaneous fat, which has less of a cohesive cellular structure and also tend to have a thinner top layer of skin which makes the superficial skin more to damage of all kinds.


The top layer of skin and the underlying fatty layer are constructed mostly of fats. Besides eating good fats to preserve skin integrity, use plenty of Vitamin C. Vitamin C is the primary nutrient in connective tissue repair. Skin is the largest and thinnest connective tissue organ of the body and uses a high percentage of the available vitamin c for upkeep and repair. Vitamin C is very safe in doses high enough to cause loose stool, at the point you're wasting nutrients, so cut back to a dose that normalizes the stool. This is called taking vitamin C to bowel tolerance fats would be ideally from fresh-baked, broiled or steamed fish, or plant sources such as olive, flax, and safflower. Avoid margarine, fatty meats including lunch meats and canola oil. Avoid mass-produced baked goods, which tend to use poor quality fats.


The best approach to stretch marks is, of course, prevention. Keep in mind that skin quality is at least 50 percent genetics, and some women are more prone to stretch marks just because of hard-wired information inherited from parents and grandparents. If your family history points to a greater possibility for stretch marks, you should apply the prevention tactics described below as faithfully as possible.


As with all prevention approaches to optimal health, good food is critical. Minimize red meat and other saturated fats, avoid caffeine and excessive alcohol, get lots of greens and fresh fruits, plenty of pure water, and of course, regular moderate exercise. Balancing work with play is essential. Don't forget to sleep. America's most ignored vital nutrient. Please don't skimp on sleep. The best approach to stretch marks is, of course, prevention. Keep in mind that skin quality is at least 50 % genetics and some women are more prone to stretch marks just because of hard-wired information inherited from parent and grandparents. If your family history points to a greater possibility for stretch marks, you should apply the prevention tactics described below as faithfully as possible.


As with all prevention approaches to optimal health, good food is critical. Minimize red meat and other saturated fats, avoid caffeine and excessive alcohol, get lots of greens and fresh fruits, plenty of pure water, and of course, regular moderate exercise. Balancing work with play is essential. Don't forget sleep, America's most ignored vital nutrient. Don't skimp sleep.


Skin Brushing :


Daily brushing of the entire skin surface with a stiffy, dry, skin brush is a Scandinavian beauty secret. Skin brushing takes off the top layer of dead cells. First thing in the morning, firmly stroke the brush over the skin towards the heart. Start with the feet, moving up the legs, be extra firm around the thighs and buttocks. Gentler on the belly, move in a clockwise direction as you look down at your navel, this is the direction which waste travels out of your body in the colon. Use the long handle to get the whole back. Gently up under the breasts and down the neck and throat. Go up the arms starting from the hands. with time, the skin becomes healthier and much less susceptible to irreversible stretching.


Contrast Hydrotherapy:



The alternating application of hot and cold water to the skin is a fundamental health tool for naturopathic doctors and, hopefully, their patients. Hot water encourages blood flow to the skin, cold contracts the tiny vessels, pushing excess fluid or debris into the natural garbage collection system of the body, the lymphatic channels. The basic approach to contrast hydrotherapy is bathing in warm or hot water, then chasing with cold. Ideally, the temperature differential would be at least 60 degrees F. The treatment must end with cold water, and kames sure to get under the armpit and the groin area. Also, turn around to reach to kidneys which are protected by the lower ribs in back, to encourage waste elimination.


Not losing or gaining weight quickly:


This is usually the reason stretch marks occur. You can improve the elasticity of the skin with a good diet, vitamin C, vitamin E and the skincare measures described above, but preventing skin stretching is best. Pregnant women should be prepared to gain 25 to 40 pounds slowly and steadily and take a full 9 months to regain their pre-pregnancy weight. Crash diets are notoriously bad for the skin and they don't work for permanent weight loss either.


Vitamin E topically and by mouth:


Personally, attribute getting through pregnancy with not a single mark on the belly to high-quality Vitamin E. I slathered it on daily the third trimester, and sporadically before that, from neck to knees, ingested 400IUs of vitamin E daily throughout the pregnancy, always breaking open the gel cap with teeth and letting the oil start to absorb right in my mouth, tossing the empty gel cap. I learned this trick from a nutrition instructor if you can possibly chew your supplements like food, the thousand or nerve receptors in the mouth single the brain what's coming down the pike, and start to prepare the digestive tract with the proper enzymes for optimal digestion and absorption.



Fact on stretch marks:


- Stretch marks are long, narrow streaks or stripes that occur when the skin is stretched too quickly.

- Pregnancy, puberty, and rapid weight gain call all cause stretch marks.


- There is little medical evidence available confirming the effectiveness of current treatments for stretch marks.

- Stretch marks often fade over time without treatment and do not pose any serious long- term health risks.


What are stretch marks??


Stretch marks are scars or disfiguring lesions. They are also called striae, striae distensae, striae atrophicans, and striae gravidarum.


The most common areas affected include:


- Abdomen

- Breasts

- Hips

- Flank

- Buttocks

- Thighs


Stretch marks are not physically dangerous but can cause problems with self-image and anxiety, for some people, stretch marks are a significant cosmetic concern that can affect day-to-day living.


Signs and symptoms:


Before stretch marks begin to emerge, the skin can appear thin and pink, it may also feel irritated or itchy.


The marks initially develop as wrinkly, raised streaks that can be red, purple, pink, reddish-brown or dark brown, depending on skin color. The streaks eventually fade and flatten and tend to change to a silvery color over time.


Causes and risk factors:


Extreme skin growth or shrinkage can cause stretch marks, common causes of skin stretching include:


- Pregnancy: Between 50 and 90 % of women who are pregnant experience stretch marks during or after birth.


- Puberty: Rapid growth is typical in young people going through puberty. This can lead to stretch marks.


- Rapid weight gain: Putting on a lot of weight in a short of time can cause stretch marks.


- Medical conditions: Certain conditions can cause stretch marks, such as Marfan the skin tissue, and Cushing's syndrome can lead the body to produce too much of a hormone that leads to rapid weight gain and skin fragility.


- Corticosteroid use: Prolonged use of corticosteroid creams and lotions can decrease levels of collagen in the skin. Collagen strengthens and supports the skin, and a reduced amount can increase the risk of stretch marks.


The skin consists of three key layers. Stretch marks form in the dermis, or middle layer, when the connective tissue is stretched beyond the limits of its elasticity. This is normally due to rapid expansion or contraction of the skin.


As the body grows, the connecting fibers in the dermis slowly stretch to accommodate alow growth. However, rapid growth leads to sudden stretching. This causes the dermis to tear, allowing deeper layers of skin to show through.


This can form stretch marks and contributes to the way they look.


Stretch marks eventually fade to a silvery, white, or glossy appearance, due to the pale fat beneath the skin becoming visible instead of the usual blood vessels.


They are more likely to develop and become more severe where there are high levels of circulating cortisone, or when cortisone is applied to the skin. Cortisol, the stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands, is converted into cortisone. This weakness elastic fibers in the skin.


Risk factors:


A number of risk factors have been associated with the development of stretch marks, but the evidence varies. More research is needed to confirm the causes of stretch marks.


The risk factors for developing stretch marks could be linked to:


- Family history

- Chronic diseases

- Body mass index (BMI) before pregnant

- Birthweight of the child in women who are pregnant


These finding can be explained by the greater degrees of skin stretching in obese women with larger babies and by age-related changes in skin collagen and connective tissue that affect the likelihood of tearing.


Diagnosis:


Stretch marks are easily diagnosis based on a skin examination and a review of a person's medical history.


The doctor will usually ask questions based on signs and symptoms, as well as any medications currently being used or existing medical conditions.


Stretch marks are not harmful and do not cause medical problems. In rare cases, they may indicate an underlying medical issue that requires treatment or monitoring.


Prevention:


Stretch marks cannot always be prevented. However, the following steps may help to reduce the risk:


- Maintain a healthy weight

- Avoid yo-yo dieting

- Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamin and minerals. Consuming a suitable amount of vitamin A and C can help support the skin, as well as the minerals zinc and silicon.

- Aim for slow and gradual weight gain during pregnancy.

- Drink six to eight glasses of water every day.

Dementia comes from a Latin word "Demens" which means "Absence of mind" chronic impairment of thinking that affects a persons ability to function in a social or occupational setting. The impairment is severe enough to interfere with the patient's ability to perform routine activities.


According to WHO:


Dementia is a syndrome, usually of a chronic or progressive nature, in which there is deterioration in cognitive function beyond what might be expected from normal aging. It affects memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculating, learning capacity, language, and judgment. Consciousness is not affected. The impairment in cognitive function is commonly accompanied and occasionally preceded, by deterioration in emotional control, social behavior, or motivation.


Dementia is not a specific disease. It's an overall term that describes a group of symptoms associated with a decline in memory or other thinking skills severe to reduce a person's ability to perform everyday activities. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60 to 80% of cases. Vascular dementia, which occurs after a stroke, is the second most common dementia type. But there are many other conditions that can cause symptoms of dementia, including some that are reversible, such as thyroid problems and vitamin deficiencies. Dementia is often incorrectly referred to as senility or senile dementia which reflects the formerly widespread but incorrect belief that serious mental decline is a normal part of aging.


Dementia is not a specific disease. It is a descriptive term for a collection of symptoms that can be caused by a number of disorders that affect the brain. A progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what might be expected from normal aging. Areas particularly affected include memory, attention, judgment, language, and problem solving, madness or insanity. Alzheimer's disease international estimates that are currently 30 million people with dementia in the world with 4.6 million new cases annually. The number of people affected will over 100 million by 2050.


The age group most commonly affected by this illness is 60 and over still, there is some risk group that is not age-dependent, such as people that suffer from high blood pressure, smokers high cholesterol patients and so on. Dementia is a brain disorder, beings after the age of 60 that seriously affects a person's ability to carry out daily activities. It begins slowly, involving the parts o the brain that control thought, memory & language. People with AD may have trouble remembering recent events, name of people.

Over times symptoms get worse and the patient might have trouble in speaking, reading & writing. They may forget how to brush their teeth or comb their hair, become anxious or aggressive, and wander away from home.


Causes:


Dementia is caused by damage to brain cells, this dan-mages interferes with the ability of brain cells to communicate with each other. When brain cells can not communicate normally, thinking, behavior and feeling can be affected. The brain has many distinct regions, each of which is responsible for different function (for example, memory, judgment, and movement). When cells in a particular region are damaged, that region cannot out its functions normally.



Causes divided into primary and secondary causes.







Primary Causes:


- Alzheimer's disease:

Is the most common form of dementia, and the disease most people associate with memory loss. Usually diagnosed after age 80 and is uncommon in people under the age of 65.


-Vascular dementia:

Occurs when small strokes or brain lesions impair blood flow to the brain. It is the cause of 20% of dementia cases, making it the second most common cause after Alzheimer's disease.


- Pick's Disease:

Symptoms are often hard to distinguish from Alzheimer's disease. Pick's disease damages nerve cells in the brains frontal and temporal lobes. Nerve cells affected by Pick's disease weaken and eventually die.


-Huntington's disease:

Is a genetically inherited neurological disease that can dementia. Huntington disease causes behavioral changes and chorea. The usual age of Huntington's disease onset is between forty and sixty years old.


- Parkinson's disease:

Is a progressive neurological disease that affects movement and muscle control. Symptoms of Parkinson's disease include tremors, balance problems, difficulty walking, and a rigid posture.


-Lewy- body dementia:

Related to Alzheimer's disease. The cause is the presence of abnormal substances called Lewy-body in parts of the brain such as cortex and brain stem. Lewy body dementia causes classical dementia symptoms, including memory loss. The disease can also cause hallucinations, depression, and paranoia.


Secondary causes:


Dementia like symptoms can develop as a result of an underlying condition can be treated, the symptoms will generally improve. The following are some of the common secondary causes that can lead to dementia.


-Alcohol Dementia and substance abuse:

Alcohol abuse can lead to symptoms of dementia. The long term toxic effects of alcohol on the brain are enough to cause it. Symptoms can often be improved by abstaining from alcohol.


-Infections diseases:

A number of infections that affect the central nervous system have been known to cause dementia symptoms, including HIV, meningitis, and encephalitis.


Medication:

As people age, they tend to require more medication for their health. Many of the medications include dementia symptoms as aside effect. The list of medications is incredibly long and includes such common medication as anti-diarrhea medication, anti-epileptic medications, antihistamines, cold and flu medication, sleeping pills, tricyclic antidepressants.


Pseudo Dementia:

Depression can result in dementia symptoms, including memory loss and a lack of motivation. Elderly people dealing with health problems, the loss of spouse, or loneliness are particularly susceptible to depression. Treating depression often result in the reversal of dementia symptoms.


Metabolic disorders:

Metabolic disorders can also symptoms of dementia. These disorders include cortisol hormone imbalances, diabetes, electrolyte levels, kidney failure, liver diseases, and thyroid disorders.


Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome:

It results from a deficiency in thiamine (Vitamin B1) and is often due to chronic, severe alcoholism. It can also result from general malnutrition, eating disorders, or the effects of chemotherapy. Dementia due to Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome involves confusion, apathy, hallucination, communication problems, and severe memory impairment.


Brain Tumors:

Brain tumors put pressure on and damage the surrounding brain tissue. A brain tumor can cause a number of symptoms, including dementia. The tumor may originate in the brain or may have spread to the brain from other organs.


Signs and symptoms:



Dementia affects each person in a different way, depending upon the impact of the disease and the person before becoming ill. The signs and symptoms linked to dementia can be understood in three stages.


Early-stage:

The early stage of dementia is often overlooked because the onset is gradual. Common symptoms include:

- Forgetfulness

- Losing track of the time

- Becoming lost in familiar places.


Middle stage:

As dementia progresses to the middle stage, the signs and symptoms become and more restricting. These include:

- Becoming forgetful of recent events and people's names

- Becoming lost at home

- Having increasing difficulty with communication

- Needing help with personal care

- Experiencing behavior changes, including wandering and repeated questioning.


Late-stage:

The late stage of dementia is one of near-total dependence and inactivity. Memory disturbances are serious and the physical signs and symptoms become more obvious. Symptoms include:

- Becoming unaware of the time and place

- Having difficulty recognizing relatives and friends

- Having an increasing need for assisted self-care

- Having difficulty walking

- Experiencing behavior changes that may escalate and including aggression.


Handling Money:

Trouble remembering simple words, often dementia sufferers will substitute inappropriate words without realizing.


Common forms of dementia:

There are many different forms of dementia. Alzheimer disease is the most common form and may contribute to 60-70% of cases. Other major forms include vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and a group of diseases that contribute to frontotemporal dementia. The boundaries between different forms of dementia are indistinct and mixed forms often co-exist.


Rates of dementia:

Worldwide, around 50 million people have dementia, with nearly 60% living in low and middle-income countries. Every year, there are nearly 10 million new cases. The estimated proportion of the general population aged 60 and over with dementia at a given time is between 5-8%. The total number of people with dementia is projected to reach 82 million in 2030 and 152 in 2050. Much of this increase is attributable to the rising numbers of people with dementia living in low and middle-income countries.


Diagnosis:


There is no one test to determine if someone has dementia. Doctors diagnose Alzheimer's and other types of dementia based on a careful medical history, a physical examination, laboratory tests, and the characteristic changes in thinking, day-to-day function and behavior associated with each type. Doctors can determine that a person has dementia with a level of certainty. But it's harder to determine the exact type of dementia because of the symptoms and brain changes of different dementias can overlap. In some cases, a doctor may diagnosis dementia and not specify a type. If this occurs it may be necessary to see a specialist such as a neurologist or a psychologist.



Diagnosis requires a medical history, physical examination, including neurological examination and appropriate laboratory tests.

Taking a thorough medical history involves gathering information about the onset duration, and progression of symptoms, any possible risk factors for dementia, such as a family history of the disorder or other neurological diseases, history of stroke, and alcohol or other drug use.


The various laboratory investigations include:


- Thyroid hormone tests to check for an underactive thyroid.

- Vitamin B12 blood test to look for a vitamin deficiency.

- Complete blood count, or CBC, to look for infection.

- ALT or AST, blood tests that check liver function.

- Syphilis test to look for this disease.

- Chemistry screen to check the level of electrolytes in the blood and to check kidney function.

- Glucose test to check the level of sugar in the blood.

- MRI or CT to look for tumors.


Other lab tests that may be done include:


- HIV testing to look aids

- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a blood test that looks for signs of inflammation in the body.

- Toxicology screen, which examines blood, urine, or hair to look for drugs that could be causing problems.

- Antinuclear antibodies, a blood test used to diagnose autoimmune diseases

- Testing for heavy metals in the blood, such as a lead test.


Risk factors and prevention:


Although age is the strongest known risk factor for dementia, it is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Further, dementia does not exclusively affect older people- young-onset dementia accounts for up to 9% of cases. Studies show that people can reduce their risk of dementia by getting regular exercise, not smoking, avoiding harmful use of alcohol, controlling and blood sugar levels, Additional risk factors include depression, low educational attainment, social isolation, and cognitive inactivity.


Social and economic impact:


Dementia has significant social and economic implications in terms of direct medical and social care costs, and the costs of informal care. In 2015, the total global societal cost of dementia was estimated to be 818 billion, equivalent to 1.1% of global gross domestic product. The total cost as a proportion of GDP varied from 0.2% in low and middle-income countries to 1.4% in high-income countries.


Impact on families and carers:


Dementia can be overwhelming for the families of affected people and for their carers. Physical, emotional and financial pressure can cause great stress to families and carers, and support is required from the health, social and legal systems.


WHO response:


WHO recognizes dementia as a public health priority. On May 2017, the World Health Assembly endorsed the Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017- 2025. The plan provides a comprehensive blueprint for action, for policy-makers, international, regional and national partners, and WHO as in the following areas, addressing dementia as a public health priority, increasing awareness of dementia and establishing dementia-friendly initiatives, reducing the risk dementia, diagnosis, treatment and care, information systems for dementia, support for dementia carers, and research and innovation. An international surveillance platform, the global Dementia Observatory, has been established for policymakers and researchers to facilitate monitoring and sharing of information on dementia policies, service delivery, epidemiology, and research.


WHO has developed Towards a dementia plan, a WHO guide, which provides guidance to the Member States in creating and operationalizing a dementia plan. The guide is closely linked to WHO's GDO and includes associated tools such as a checklist to guide the preparation, development, and implementation of a dementia plan. It can be used for stakeholder mapping and priority setting.


WHO Guidelines on risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia provide evidence-based recommendations on interventions for reducing modifiable risk factors for dementia, such as physical inactivity and unhealthy diets, as well as controlling medical conditions linked to dementia, including hypertension and diabetes. Dementia is also one of the priority conditions in the WHO mental health gap action program, which is a resource for generalists, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, to help them provide first-line care for mental, neurological and substance use disorders.

Allergic Rhinitis is also knows as Hay fever, it causes inflammation of lining of mucus membrane of nasal cavity. This inflammation occurs when one comes in contact with something that one is allergic to. This could be pollens or moulds or dust or smoke or any strong odour. This problem occurs more often in the autumn and spring season as the pollens are widespread at this time.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
The common symptoms of allergic rhinitis are sneezing, running nose and watery discharge from the eyes. There is irritation in the nose which causes sneezing to start and then watery discharge from the nose begins. There is discharge from the posterior nares that drains into the throat. This is called post nasal drip. One tends to lose the sense of smell.
In chronic cases, the nose stuffs up or gets blocked. One cannot breathe through the nose easily. Such patients are forced to breathe through their mouth and keep their mouth open. Night time is the most difficult for such patients as they find it difficult to sleep. Mouth dries up as they breathe through the mouth instead of the nose. Sometimes, ears also tend to get blocked.
HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT FOR ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Homeopathy is best placed to treat all sorts of allergies or allergic disorders. The reason for this is that it does not try to treat the symptoms of the allergies. Instead, it works to root out the cause of these allergies. The root cause in allergies happens to be a hyperactivity of the immune system. This hyperactive immune system goes into an overdrive when it comes in contact with certain things. These things may be harmless in themselves. But the immune system tends to look at them as offenders and tries to react in a defensive manner. It tries to wash them off by producing excess mucous. The homeopathic medicines repair the immune system and the hyperactivity is corrected. Then the body reacts normally to the same things that used to cause the allergies.
MOST COMMONLY USED HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES FOR ALLERGIC RHINITIS ARE
1. Allium Cepa- One of the best Homeopathic medicines for Allergic Rhinitis or Hay Fever with watery eyes
When there is watery discharge from the eyes along with running nose, Allium Cepa is one of the best Homeopathic medicines for Allergic Rhinitis or Hay Fever. The watery discharge from the nose is thin and acrid. At the same time, the discharge from the eyes is bland. The eyes become red and are sensitive to light. There is burning in the nose and eyes as from the cutting of onions. This medicine is in fact made from onions and it mimics the symptoms that occur when one cuts onions. There is the same burning in the eyes that we get when onions are being cut nearby in our presence. The patient feels better in the open air.
2. Arsenic Album- One of the best Homeopathic medicines for Allergic Rhinitis with intense thirst
In cases where there is intense thirst and the patient feels worse in open air, Arsenic Album is one of the best Homeopathic medicines for Allergic Rhinitis or Hay Fever. There is copiuos watery and excoriating discharge from the nose. There may be restlessness and anxiety with the other symptoms of hay fever. Thirst is increased though the patient drinks a little bit of water at one time. The symptoms are likely to be worse at night. There is an increased sense of weakness which is often disproportionate to the disease.
3. Natrum Mur- One of the best Homeopathic medicines for Allergic Rhinitis with sneezing
In cases where there is a lot of sneezing and in fact, the symptoms start with sneezing only, Natrum Mur does wonders and is one of the best homeopathic medicines for hay fever or allergic rhinitis. There is intense dryness of the mouth and the mucous membranes. The discharge from the nose is thin and watery and resembles the white of an egg. There is an increased desire to eat salt or salty food.
4. Merc Sol- One of the best Homeopathic medicines for Allergic Rhinitis with sensitivity to heat and cold
When there is increased sensitivity to both heat and cold and the patient cannot tolerate either, Merc Sol is very effective and is one of the best homeopathic medicines for allergic rhinitis or hay fever. There is a lot of sneezing and watery discharge from the nose. The patient is worse even in damp or wet weather. Increased sweating is another indication of this medicine. There is profuse salivation in the mouth. At times the salivation is so much that it keeps the mouth wet most of the time. Despite this increased salivation, the patient keeps on feeling thirsty. There may be foul smell from the mouth.
5. Arundo- One of the best Homeopathic medicines for Allergic Rhinitis with intense itching
When the episode begins with intense itching in the palate and the nose, Arundo is very much suited to the case and is one of the best homeopathic medicines for allergic rhinitis or hay fever. There is a lot of burning and itching in the nose, the eyes and the roof of the mouth. Sense of smell becomes diminished.
Get in touch with HOMEO CARE CLINIC to know how homeopathy can cure your problem.

Calcaneal spur (Heel spur) is a painful condition in which there will be severe pain in the heel. There is a bony outgrowth in the calcanial bone (Heel bone) due to continuous stress in the region. The pain in this disease will be more severe when waking up in the morning or walking after period of rest.


In siddha system of medicine the calvaneal spur is referred as Kuthikaal Vatham.

TREATMENT

The main aim of the treatment is to reduce the level of injury in the concerned area and thereby maximum possible pain relief, for that internal medicines, external applications and exercise are must.

INTERNAL MEDICINES

The following siddha medicines can be used with an advice of a siddha physician.
Singi Chunnam
Chitramutti madakku thylam
Ayakantha chenduram
Ayaveera chenduram
Arumugha Chenduram
Chandamarutha Chenduram
Athirshta Rasayanam.

EXTERNAL MEDICINES

Chitramutti Madakku Thyalam
Sivappu Kukkil Thylam
Mayana Thyalam

Special Medicines for Calcaneal spur (To be prepared by self)

1. Euphorbia tirucalli (Thirikkalli) is fried with castor oil and add crushed leaves of Clerodendrum phlomodis(Thazhuthalai), Vitex negundo(Nochi) to it and applied to the affected foot as a medicated bandage. (Agasthyar vaidyam 292,293/ External therapies of siddha medicine (P.9))



2. Calatropis giganta (Erikku) leaves are cleaned and placed over a hot Brick and step over it until get sufficient heat. Do it daily twice after applying suitable oils to the affected part.



EXERCISE

The aim of exercise is to strengthen calf and lower leg muscles there by reduce the stress in the calcaneal bone.