HIV/AIDS INFECTIONS FOLLOWED BY OPPURTUNISTIC INFECTIONS;

PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX DISEASES,SEX WEAKNESS & ABORTION SPECIALIST
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Besides some infections like Oral thrush,oral hairy leuoplakia,undiagnosed fever,loss of weight,loss of appetite,Diarrhoea prolonging for month or so which usually occurs even CD4 COUNT IS NOT THAT LOW I.E., ABOVE 200 OR more than 14% of total CD4 count percentage most below mentioned infections comes once HIV VIRAL LOAD IS HIGH,CD 4 BELOW 200 or 50 .
some gross hiv OPPURTUNISTIC INFECTIONS ARE AS FOLLOW:_

AIDS MALIASE:Weakness uneasyness muscle cramps,fever,nausea vomiting,loss of memory,murmuring bnorml words or wasting of muscles seen as many times.

Herpes simplex: seen as mutiple paulo vesiclar lesions over genitilia or mouth or in advanced stage lesion going to Lung and brain also reported.

CANCERS: BURKITT LYMPHOMA,CERVICAL CANCERS,INTESTINAL TUMORS,BRAIN LYPHOMAS may occur in advanced stage of AIDS/HIV infections Kaposi’s Sarcoma: It is a tumour caused by infection with human herpes virus 8. Though, initially described as an AIDS defining illness, it is known to occur in non-AIDS patients as well. However, as compared to a slow progression in normal individuals, the disease is very aggressive in HIV patients. The sarcoma can show symptoms in varied places including macular (related to a part of the eye), papular (all over the body) and exophytic (growths on the surface of the body) growth. (Read: HIV/AIDS – Causes, Symptoms, Tests, Treatment & More)

Candidiasis: It is an infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans. It is seen in normal as well as in patients with HIV/AIDS. In normal patients, the infection is limited to the mouth and oral cavity and is superficial in nature. In HIV/AIDS, it may colonize the oro-pharynx or the oesophagus or may colonize in both the areas. It may also infiltrate into the deeper tissues. By itself, it is not a prime cause of death, but the infection may cause difficulty in swallowing and decrease oral intake.

Crptococcosis: Fungal infection of Brain meninges is coomin,india ink tesing with csf is diagnostic.Crptosopodiasis of intestine produce diarrhoea similiarly Isospora infection does cause diarrhoes.
coccidiodomycosis,Histoplasmosis ,aspergilosis may infect lung or sytemic organs and even brain.
Tuberculosis (TB): It is one of the most important public health diseases in India. It is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the absence of a proper immune system as seen in HIV/AIDS patients, the disease is more aggressive, widespread and more aggressively infective. It affects multiple body organs and even organs like the thyroid glands and heart, which are normally resistant to tuberculous infection. Dr Anjana Tadani, from Niramaya Hospital says, ‘Besides all this, the strain that proliferates in HIV/AIDS patients are usually resistant to the conventional anti-tuberculus drugs, and is usually a multi drug resistant strain. This strain is capable of affecting multiple organs in the body leading to death.’
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a type of cancer of the immune system. Development of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a long term complication in HIV infection. The risk of developing Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma increases with the duration of decreased immunity. The cancerous cells are initially formed most commonly in the lymph nodes, but quickly spread to other organs and without treatment it can be rapidly fatal. However, with the use of early anti-retroviral therapy, the incidence of this disease in AIDS patients has greatly reduced.
Pneumocystitis Pneumonia (PCP): Pneumocystitis Pneumonia is an infection of the lung caused by a yeast like fungus Pneumocystis jiroveckii, an organism that is normally found in the lungs of healthy individuals. In the presence of a normal immune system, it is unable to cause any damage or infection. In a person suffering with HIV/AIDS, the body’s immune system is compromised. This decreased immunity makes the person susceptible to opportunistic infections like PCP. The organism infiltrates into the fibrous septa of the alveolar spaces present in the the lungs and causes them to thicken. This thickening prevents normal gaseous exchange in the lungs and causes a state of severely decreased oxygenation of the body. If untreated, this disease is fatal.
Cytomegalovirus infections: Cytomegalovirus is a virus that is a part of the herpes family and spreads through exchange of body fluids. In the normal course of events, the infection is asymptomatic and the virus usually remains dormant in the body for the entirety of a person’s life. However, in times of decreased immunity – like in a person suffering from HIV/AIDS – the virus reactivates and can lodge itself in various organs of the body like the lungs, brain, gastrointestinal system and the eye. Untreated and in the case of a severe infection can be dangerous to life.Cytomeglo Retinitis n advnced infection of eye needing very meticulous treatment.
HIV and AIDS Dementia: Dementia is a condition that leads to a loss of intellectual capabilities such as memory, judgement and abstract thinking. Unlike other complications and diseases in AIDS which are opportunistic infections, it is postulated that AIDS Dementia Complex is caused by the HIV virus directly. Though, HIV does not directly infect the brain cells, it may cause inflammation in them or kill them. This was a common condition in the pre-HIV treatment days, but today, less than 10 – 15% of AIDS patients develop this complex.A
AIDS Wasting Syndrome: Wasting syndrome is a condition seen in AIDS patients where there is more than 10% weight loss with decrease in muscle mass. It is caused due to a variety of factors including:
Loss of Appetite: Directly because of HIV infection, opportunistic infections, side effects of medications, depression etc.
Decreased absorption of nutrients: This is usually either directly because of HIV infection, opportunistic infections and diarrhoea due to the side effects of medicines.
Metabolic changes: HIV as well as other infectious diseases cause an increased energy demand from the body, which may not be met by the dietary intake of a patient suffering from HIV/AIDS. This causes conversion of proteins to energy which can lead to wasting syndrome.
The AIDS Wasting syndrome increases the risk of opportunistic infections and significantly increases the risk of death.
Mycobacterium Avium Complex: Mycobacterium Avium Complex is a disease complex resembling a tuberculous infection which is almost never seen in normal healthy individuals. It is caused by a group of bacteria which include Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. The source of infection is uncertain but both water and air have been implicated. Mycobacterium kansasi infection is also seen.In severely immune compromised patients this disease can be very difficult to manage as the source is yet unknown.

Lipodystrophy: It is a condition of abnormal fat distribution which has two components -Lipohypertrophy where there is an abnormal central deposition of fat and Lipoatrophy involving the loss of fat in peripheral sites like arms and limbs.

Lipodystrophy can be seen in other chronic conditions as well. In HIV/AIDS patients, it is usually seen as a complication of anti-retroviral therapy. The condition makes the person susceptible to atherosclerosis and diabetes.

Toxoplasmosis: Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Transmission to humans occurs primarily by ingestion of undercooked pork or lamb meat that contains tissue cysts, or by exposure to oocysts either through ingestion of contaminated vegetables or direct contact with cat faeces. Other modes of transmission include the transplacental route (from mother to baby), blood product transfusion, and organ transplantation. In patients with a healthy and otherwise normal immune system this infection – even in an acute infection – does not show symptoms. Once ingested, the oocysts spread to different organs and enter the cells, causing destruction and focal necrosis (tissue death in the area where the cysts have invaded the organ). The immune reaction converts these foci into tissue cysts.

Toxoplasmosis associated with HIV infection is typically caused by reactivation of a chronic infection and is seen primarily as toxoplasmic encephalitis. This disease is an important cause of brain lesions in HIV-infected patients. Characteristically, toxoplasmic encephalitis is seen in a patient with moderate severity and one of the classic symptoms or effects of this condition is that a small part of the patient’s brain is affected (also called focal neurologic effects) by the presence of the cyst. This is normally accompanied by headaches, altered mental status, and fever. The most common focal neurologic signs are motor weakness and speech disturbances. The patients may also suffer from seizures, cranial nerve abnormalities, visual field defects, sensory disturbances, cerebellar dysfunction, meningismus (symptoms like meningitis but without the infection of the meninges), movement disorders, and neuropsychiatric manifestations like schizophrenia, hallucinations etc.
Toxoplasmosis is a rarely fatal form of diffuse encephalitis. Treatment is similar for both healthy as well as for patients with HIV/AIDS. However, it may be necessary to continue medication even after the condition is resolved and administer maintenance therapy for longer times in patients with HIV/AIDS.
Progressive leuco-encephalopathy: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare disease of the brain involving the white matter and caused by the JC virus (John Cunningham virus). It occurs almost exclusively in people with immune deficiency including those with HIV/AIDS. In patients not on anti-retroviral therapy, death occurs in almost 95% of patients within 4 to 6 months after diagnosis. With the widespread adoption of therapy, the incidence of PML has decreased substantially. Also, patients now show a prolonged survival rate (almost 2 years). All treatments for this disease are experimental and there is no known standardized protocol for cure or remission. Intensive antiretroviral therapy is the cornerstone of treatment.

A 75 year old female came to me in emergency with complaints of constipation, inability to pass faltus (obstipation), severe pain abdomen, persistent vomiting, extreme weakness & stomach fullness since 5 days.

Prior to this, she had chronic constipation often alternating with loose stools since six months. She was taking laxatives from various doctors but it was helping her some times.

She had low haemoglobin (anemia) & was taking treatment from General practitioner.

On examination she was looking toxic and her abdomen was distended. She per rectal examination showed that there was no stools.

X-ray of abdomen showed that the large intestine was totally blocked. CT Scan revealed a possiblity of a tumour in har large intestine.

Her haemoglobin was 6 grams ( half of normal).
She required urgent surgery to relieve blockage in her intestine.
She was a high risk for surgery in view of old age , low haemoglobin, weak heart & major surgery.

She was taken for surgery & part of her large intestine was removed. After surgery, she was in ICU. In few days she was discharged. - http://drbcshah.com/a-case-of-anemia-with-cancer-colon/

Tips to soothe dry skin:Got dry skin? There are many things you can do to make it smooth and supple.
In many cases, all it takes is making a few adjustments to your daily skin care routine.Here are our recommendations:

Oil therapy: Rub on some olive, almond or coconut oil and massage lightly on to your hands, legs and the rest of your body before heading for a shower. Heat the oil and then apply. Post shower, use a light moisturizer / sunscreen.
Scoop some milk cream: Milk cream makes for a very good moisturizer. Mix a few drops of lime, a teaspoon of milk and two teaspoon of milk cream and rub onto your hands and legs. Leave it on for a while before you head for a shower.
Curd : Curd makes for an excellent skin hydrant, and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties will help soothes your dry, itchy skin. Apply curd just as it is or mix it with some honey and a few drops of lime. Leave it on for at least 10 minutes before you wash it off. It is sure to do wonders for your skin.
Honey: Honey helps lock in moisture, has antioxidant and anti-microbial properties, which makes it a sought after ingredient in many over-the-counter skincare products. Why shell out money on those, when you can buy yourself a bottle of honey (which is cheaper) and use it to treat your skin. Lightly heat 2 tsp. of honey any apply it onto your skin , while warm. Leave it on for 15 minutes, and then wash it off.
Aloe vera: After bath, slice a piece of aloe, squeeze all the gel out and apply onto your face, hands or legs. It will not only moisturise your skin, it will also form a protective layer that will keep impurities from entering your pores. Although aloe is a good skin hydrant, it can leave your skin feeling tight.
Milk: In 4 tsp. of raw milk add a few drops of rose water/ lime and rub it all over your body and wash with cold water. Do this twice a day. And your skin will feel baby soft.
Vitamin-E : Take Vitamin-E capsules( 2 capsules) squeeze out the oil, mix a few drops of lime juice and apply all over your body. Take a shower and feel the difference.
Glycerine: Glycerine helps absorb and retain moisture . Mix a teaspoon of glycerine with a few drops of lime and massage onto your skin. Leave it on for a few minutes before you wash it off.
Coconut milk: Coconut milk not only reduces skin dryness, but also helps combat dark spots and blemishes. Rub it onto your face and body, and leave it overnight. Make sure to spread out an old bed-sheet and pillow cover.
Scrub: Use a body scrub that isn’t very rough on your skin (apricot or walnut) and scrub your body at least once a week.
Do not use any exfoliator until your dry skin heals a little, else it gets worse!
And yes, do drink enough water to keep your skin hydrated.
Avoid scratching: which damages the skin. If itching is a problem, try the following:
Keep the itchy area well moisturized. Dry skin may make itching worse.
Try an oatmeal bath to help relieve itching.
Wrap 1 cup of oatmeal in a cotton cloth and boil as you would to cook it. Use this as a sponge and bathe in tepid water without soap.
Try a nonprescription 1% hydrocortisone cream for small itchy areas.
Use the cream very sparingly on the face or genitals.
If itching is severe, your doctor may prescribe a stronger cream.
If you are using this cream for larger areas like your arms or legs, you may want to mix some of this cream with a moisturizer before putting it on your skin.
Try a nonprescription oral antihishamine.
Cut your nails short or wear gloves at night to prevent scratching.
Wear loose and comfortable clothing. Avoid scratchy fabrics next to your skin.

HIV /AIDS DEVELOPMENT IN YEAR 2103 :ZERO GOAL & TREATMENT TO ALL: NO DISCIMINATION,NO SHAME NO STIGMA : TAKE TREATMENT AND CURE IT ;INSURANCE CARE TO EVERY HIV/AIDS IN USA UNDER PEPFAR ND TREATMENT FOR EVERYBODY AND ENSURING ADHERANCE OR COMPLIANCE OF TRETENT AND MAKING HIV TO ZERO LEVEL : TO ERADICATE HIV NOT FROM USA BUT WHOLE WORLD ALONG WITH TB AND MALARIA;DOES IT WORKING NORMALLY ?

HAPPY NEW YEAR 2104 TO ALL MY FRIENDS,HIV/AIDS FRIENDS/MEMBERS OF LGBT

PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX DISEASES,SEX WEAKNESS & ABORTION SPECIALIST
profdrram@gmail.com,07838059592, DELHI –NCR,marriage & sex counseling
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HIV /AIDS treatment has markedly changed s after when the World Health Organization established the first World AIDS Day on December 1, 1988, treatment options for people living with HIV were practically nonexistent, and AIDS was almost invariably fatal. Hope was in short supply, and there seemed to be little reason for optimism. I am grateful that the world is a very different place for the 25th annual World AIDS Day.
In between whole world united to put much slogans for HIV/AIDS care as disease cannot be eradicated and it was reporteed tht death is very painful nd is the ultimate fte and widespred sex activites are really a greatt danger to world .
In US first time realised that HIV/AIDS patients are very much neglected and due to lack of education most persons discriminatte and stigmtise HIV/AIDS patients and further push them for no care and as treatment and diagnosis being very costly so often patient donot seek treatment or leave treatment.US Subsequently, in late 2011 CDC did its own analysis of HIV surveillance datasets, viral load and CD4 laboratory reports, and other published data to develop national estimates of the number of HIV-infected persons at each step of the treatment cascade. Their findings, published in CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), were similar to those of Dr. Gardner and his colleagues and can be summarized as follows:
For every 100 individuals living with HIV in the United States, it is estimated that:
80 are aware of their HIV status.
62 have been linked to HIV care.
41 stay in HIV care.
36 get antiretroviral therapy (ART).
28 are able to adhere to their treatment and sustain undetectable viral loads.
In short, CDC estimated that only 28 percent of the more than 1 million individuals in the U.S. who are living with HIV/AIDS are getting the full benefits of the treatment they need to manage their disease and keep the virus under control. Put another way, nearly 3 out of 4 people living with HIV in the U.S. have failed to successfully navigate the treatment cascade.
Therefore before 10 yrs,The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) was aanounced.After 10th yrs This Yer OBAMA hs further added to PEPFAR which now directly supports life-saving antiretroviral treatment for millions of men, women, and children worldwide. Together with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and partner nations, we are working toward an AIDS-free generation around the world.
Now it hs been adopted that treatment and diagnosis should be done as soon as possible and now treatment in US is not important treat every patient of world to make HIV/AIDS TO ZERO LEVEL.Now in USA from year 2014 EVERY HIV/AIDS patient will be provided INSURANCE FOR DIAGNOSIS,FULL TREATMENT AND COMPLICATION AT VERY AFFORDABLE PRICES.Here in the U.S., guided by the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, (NHAS), agencies and offices across the Department of Health and Human Services are working to strengthen HIV prevention, care and treatment efforts. As President Obama directed earlier this year when he established the HIV Care Continuum Initiative, we are accelerating efforts to increase HIV testing as well as improve access to and retention in HIV care. That way, we can better address drop-offs along the continuum of HIV care, from diagnosis to receiving optimal treatment. Fewer than half of the people living with HIV are getting the medical care they need, and only about 25 percent have achieved control over their HIV infection with medication. Such control both benefits their health and reduces the likelihood of HIV transmission.
SO TREAT ALL APTEINTS AND GIVE THEM FREE MEDICINES,CARE AND INVESTIGATION IRESPECTIVE OF THEIR NTIONALITY CASTE,CREED OR COLOR TO CURB HIV COMPLETELY.

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how to combat sugar cravings
Combat hypoglycemia, or low-blood sugar by trying the following:

Eat a breakfast that is NOT sweet, for example brown rice, or lean protein and blanched vegetables.

Have no sweets (that includes fruit, refined flour, and all sweeteners) until after 3:00 pm. After that eat either fruit or a fruit or grain-sweetened dessert rather than sweets that contained refined sugars.

Eating sweets in the morning or early afternoon tend to stimulate sweet cravings throughout the day. You might feel sick from eating sugars in the early morning

If you have the sugar blues in the morning around 10-10:30 and again in the afternoon around 2-4:00, drink 1 cup of sweet vegetable drink.

Avoid artificial sweeteners. Research has shown that artificial sweeteners cause intense cravings for sweets.