Physical therapy : therapies to prevent, correct, or alleviate dysfunction of anatomic or physiologic origin, employing physical phenomena such as temperature, light, water, and sound, as well as exercise and massage.

Bell's palsy is a disorder of the nerve that controls movement of the muscles in the face.

Damage to this nerve causes weakness or paralysis of these muscles. Paralysis means that you cannot use the muscles at all.

CausesBell's palsy affects about 30,000 - 40,000 people a year in the United States.

Bell's palsy involves damage to the seventh cranial (facial) nerve. This nerve controls the movement of the muscles of the face.

Bell's palsy is thought to be due to swelling (inflammation) of this nerve in the area where it travels through the bones of the skull.

The cause is often not clear. A type of herpes infection called herpes zoster might be involved. Other conditions that may cause Bell's palsy include:

•HIV infection
•Lyme disease
•Middle ear infection
•Sarcoidosis
SymptomsSometimes you may have a cold shortly before the symptoms of Bell's palsy begin.

Symptoms most often start suddenly, but may take 2 - 3 days to show up. They do not become more severe after that.

Symptoms are almost always on one side only. They may range from mild to severe.

The face will feel stiff or pulled to one side, and may look different. Other symptoms can include:

•Difficulty eating and drinking; food falls out of one side of the mouth
•Drooling due to lack of control over the muscles of the face
•Drooping of the face, such as the eyelid or corner of the mouth
•Hard to close one eye
•Problems smiling, grimacing, or making facial expressions
•Twitching or weakness of the muscles in the face
Other symptoms that may occur:

•Dry eye or mouth
•Headache
•Loss of sense of taste
•Sound that is louder in one ear (hyperacusis)
•Twitching in face
Exams and TestsOften, Bell's palsy can be diagnosed just by taking a health history and doing a complete physical exam.

If your health care provider is worried that a brain tumor is causing your symptoms, you may need:

•CT scan of the head
•Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head
Sometimes, you will need a test to check the nerves that supply the muscles of your face:

•Electromyography (EMG)
•Nerve conduction test
TreatmentOften, no treatment is needed. Symptoms often begin to improve right away. However, it may take weeks or even months for the muscles to get stronger, and this may be frustrating.

Your health care provider may give you lubricating eye drops or eye ointments to keep the surface of the eye moist if you cannot close it completely. You may need to wear an eye patch while you sleep.

Sometimes medicines may be used, but it is not clear how much they help. If medicines are used, they should be started right away.

•Corticosteroids may reduce swelling around the facial nerve
•Medications can fight the virus that may be causing Bell's palsy
Surgery to relieve pressure on the nerve (decompression surgery) is controversial and has not been shown to routinely benefit people with Bell's palsy.

Outlook (Prognosis)Most cases go away completely within a few weeks to months.

If you did not lose all of your nerve function and symptoms began to improve within 3 weeks, you're more likely to regain all or most of the strength in your facial muscles.

Sometimes, the following symptoms still may be present:

•Long-term changes in taste
•Spasms of muscles or eyelids
•Weakness that remains in facial muscles
Possible ComplicationsExcess drying of the eye surface, leading to eye ulcers or infections.

When to Contact a Medical ProfessionalCall your health care provider right away if your face droops or you have other symptoms of Bell's palsy. Your health care provider can rule out other, more serious conditions, such as stroke.

PreventionThere is no known way to prevent Bell's palsy.

Alternative NamesFacial palsy; Idiopathic peripheral facial palsy; Cranial mononeuropathy

Referencesde Almeida JR, Al Khabori M, Guyatt GH, Witterick IJ, Lin VY, Nedzelski JM, et al. Combined corticosteroid and antiviral treatment for Bell palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009;302:985-993.

Migraine is a serious type of Headache which occurs with so much robust type of headache mostly in one half of head with throbbing or pulsating type prececded by an aura or a smell or perception of some thing going to happen,blackspots in eye field,flickering movements of eye,face and hands or sensation of tingling type or numbness in head or any part of body preceded by nausea or vomiting feeling or vomiting and patient become very sensitive to light or sound needing a dark room and a noise less enviornment for soothing .This type of Headache is believed to be caused by extreme sensitivity of Blood Vessels and nerves to many chemicals and toxins yet to be discovered or many other physical agents like bad or unpleasant smell or flashing ,extreme cold or hot or un familiar enviornment any psychological insult like fear,apprehension,tension,anger,happiness or grief leading to contraction or dilatation of these blood vessels There is no cure or medications for migraine headache but the drugs can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines.Migraine usually affects more female than male ,usually middleaged ladies are involved and subsides in intensity after menopause but seen too commonly in male too and involves children too.Migrain attack is severe one and usually last for 12-24 hrs but may last for 2-3 days and usually remission and recurrence are common ,mostly recurs in week or monthly wise but in some days it may occur at days interval.Usually it subsides normally without leaving any spot or complication like paressis or paralysis of any part or any defects in sensory or motor nerves of Body or any epileptic or any other type of slow or rapid movements or uncontrol of bowel and bladder or any type of para or sympathetic alterations.
There are many drugs specifically designed to treat migraine which are given below,some are drugs which abort or stops attack of Migraine once it has started like NSAIDs,Triptans,Ergot derivative,butabital,barbiturates,anxiolytic and sedative with opiates ,others are used to prevent its recurrance like B-Blockers,calcium channel blocker,Angiotensin receptor blockers,major tranquilisers and antivomiting medicines,anti epleptics,anti depressants,serotonin uptake or receptor inhibitors,anti histaminic like Cyprohepatidine,Botulinum and norepinephrine receptor or uptake inhibitors but still after their use recurrence is delayed but not completely inhibited.
Aborting drugs:-------These types of drugs are taken during migraine attacks and are designed to stop symptoms that have already begun. These are taken as soon as symptoms of a migraine occur. It may help if you take rest or sleep in a dark room after taking them.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs):? Ibuprofen,Paracetamol or Aspirin or Diclofenac sodium or Acllofenac,Rafecoxib, Etorcoxic ,Naproxen,Indomethacin etc., may help relieve mild migraines.Combination of acetaminophen, aspirin and caffeine also may ease moderate migraines .Side effects: can lead to ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding and rebound headaches.
Triptans: Both oral and injectable preparation even nasal spray is also available,Sumatriptan has been widely used rizatripan is showing promising result.
Used for severe migraine attacks.DRUGS ARE AS FOLLOWS:-Sumatriptan, rizatriptan ,Naratriptan, zolmitriptan, Almotriptan, frovatriptan and eletriptan .Side effects: nausea, dizziness and muscle weakness.They are not used in heart attack and stroke.
ERGOT DERIVATIVES:Used for pain lasting for more than 48 hours.DRUGS ARE'--- Ergotamine,Dihydroergotamine, Antivomiting or nauseating Medications if nausea or Vomiting present : Metoclopramide,prochlorperazine.
Butalbital:It is a sedative which is used in combination with other drugs for migraine attacks. Combination of butalbital with aspirin or acetaminophen Combination with caffine and codeine but rebound headache ,withdrwal symptoms.
OPIATES: Medicines containing narcotics, particularly codeine, are sometimes used to treat migraine pain when people can't take triptans or ergot.
Side effects: Habit-forming and patients are usually addicted.
Preventive medications:
These drugs are taken daily on a regular basis, to reduce the severity or frequency of migraines. Are used when two or more debilitating attacks a month occur and if pain-relieving medications aren't helping or symptoms include a prolonged aura or numbness and weakness.
Cardiovascular drugs:
Beta blockers: Commonly used to treat high blood pressure and coronary artery disease ? can reduce the frequency and severity of migraines.
Calcium channel blockers: Verapamil also may be helpful in preventing migraines and relieving symptoms from aura.
Antihypertensive medications: Lisinopril and candesartan are useful in reducing the length and severity of migraines..Side effects: Dizziness, drowsiness or lightheadedness.
Central Nervous System drugs:
Tricyclic antidepressants: Amitriptyline, nortriptyline and protriptyline .
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and nor epinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): Venlafaxine may be helpful in preventing migraine.
Anti-seizure drugs: Divalproex and Topiramate, and Gabapentin .Side effects: Nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, hair loss, and dizziness.
Major Tranqualisers : Trifluperazine,(Sibelium,no miraine)prochlorperazine(Stemetil).
Cyproheptadine: This antihistamine specifically affects serotonin activity. Doctors sometimes give it to children as a preventive measure.
Botulinum toxin type A: Botulinum toxin type A injections in mutiple sittings over head is sometimes used for treatment of chronic migraines,but relapses are common after 6-12 months of therapy.
Dr.D.R.Nakipuria
,09434143550

I came across this authentic research explanation on the mechanism how acupuncture works. I am sharing this in this forum.

Acupuncture is a procedure in which fine needles are inserted into an individual at discrete points and then manipulated, with the intent of relieving pain. Since its development in China around 2,000 B.C., acupuncture has become worldwide in its practice1. Although Western medicine has treated acupuncture with considerable skepticism2, a broader worldwide population has granted it acceptance. For instance, the World Health Organization endorses acupuncture for at least two dozen conditions3 and the US National Institutes of Health issued a consensus statement proposing acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention for complementary medicine. Perhaps most tellingly, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service approved acupuncture as a deductible medical expense in 1973.

Although the analgesic effect of acupuncture is well documented, little is understood about its biological basis. Insertion of the acupuncture needles in itself is not sufficient to relieve pain4. An acupuncture session typically lasts for 30 min, during which the needles are intermittently rotated, electrically stimulated or, in some cases, heated. The pain threshold is reported to slowly increase and to outlast the treatment4. The primary mechanism implicated in the anti-nociceptive effect of acupuncture involves release of opioid peptides in the CNS in response to the long-lasting activation of ascending sensory tracks during the intermittent stimulation4–6. However, a centrally acting agent cannot explain why acupuncture is conventionally applied in close proximity to the locus of pain and why the analgesic effects of acupuncture are restricted to the ipsilateral side7,8.

RESULTS
Acupuncture triggers adenosine and ATP metabolites release

ATP is released in response to either mechanical and electrical stimulation or heat. Once released, ATP acts as a transmitter that binds to purinergic receptors, including P2X and P2Y receptors9,10. ATP cannot be transported back into the cell but is rapidly degraded to adenosine by several ectonucleotidases before re-uptake10. Thus, adenosine acts as an analgesic agent that suppresses pain through Gi-coupled A1-adenosine receptors11–13. To determine whether adenosine is involved in the anti-nociceptive effects of acupuncture, we first asked whether the extracellular concentration of adenosine increases during acupuncture.

We collected samples of interstitial fluid by a microdialysis probe implanted in the tibialis anterior muscle/subcutis of adult mice at a distance of 0.4–0.6 mm from the ‘Zusanli point’, which is located 3–4 mm
below and 1–2 mm lateral for the midline of the knee4. Adenine nucleotides and adenosine were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet absorbance before, during and after acupuncture (Fig. 1a)14,15. At baseline, the concentrations of ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine were in the low nanomolar range (Fig. 1b), consistent with previous reports16,17. Acupuncture applied by gentle manual rotation of the acupuncture needle every 5 min for a total of 30 min sharply increased the extracellular concentrations of all purines detected (Fig. 1b).

Adenosine concentration increased ~24-fold (253.5 ± 81.1 nM from a baseline of 10.6 ± 6.7 nM) during the 30-min acupuncture session (Fig. 1c). The extracellular concentration of ATP returned to baseline after acupuncture, whereas adenosine, AMP and ADP remained significantly elevated (adenosine and AMP, P < 0.01; ADP, P < 0.05, paired t test compared to 0 min) at 60 min (Fig. 1c). Notably, previous studies have shown that deep brain stimulation is also associated with a severalfold increase in extracellular ATP and adenosine. Similar to electroacupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation delivers electrical stimulation that triggers an increase in extracellular adenosine concentration18.


© 2010 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
nature neuroscience


1Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA. 2Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 3National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 4These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence should be addressed to M.N.

Received 16 March; accepted 27 April; published online 30 May 2010; doi:10.1038/nn.2562
Adenosine A1 receptors mediate local anti-nociceptive effects of acupuncture
Nanna Goldman1,4, Michael Chen1,4, Takumi Fujita1,4, Qiwu Xu1, Weiguo Peng1, Wei Liu1, Tina K Jensen1,
Yong Pei1, Fushun Wang1, Xiaoning Han1, Jiang-Fan Chen2, Jurgen Schnermann3, Takahiro Takano1,
Lane Bekar1, Kim Tieu1 & Maiken Nedergaard1

Artificial Intelligence to predict BP using Leucocytapheresis


BP prediction during Leukocytapheresis (LCAP) using Artificial Intelligence



ABSTRACT



INTRODUCTION:



With rapid advances in information technology, computer-aided medical treatment is becoming quite common in hospitals. Several evolved treatments rely on artificial intelligence for prediction of various parameters that affect the blood purification [3]-[5]. During blood purification treatment, it is extremely necessary to monitor circulating blood volume of patient. Till now, most of the hospitals rely on the medical workers to use their own judgment in order to make necessary changes that affect the stability of the patient’s blood pressure. However, this approach is very subjective and could lead to undesirable fluctuation in blood pressure. Hence, a computer-aided method can provide steady blood purification by predicting blood pressure values. This could be an immense valued data to medical workers in providing accurate treatment. Such a method using artificial intelligence is proposed here for evaluation.



Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is gaining popularity in prediction methods. These are arrays of simultaneous equations that iteratively examine data sets according to learning rules.[Pandya and Macy, 1995] Delta rule is the most commonly and extensively studied prediction method that performs gradient descent optimization and is thus closely related to standard regression models. ANN using the delta rule has been successfully applied in predicting outcome in a variety of complex biomedical problems. ANNs have been widely used in solving real biomedical problems because of their ability to learn the dynamics of complex systems and to identify multidimensional relationships among multiple variables from available input/output samples.



References: IUGR: [7] Gurigen F et al., IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. 1997; 16:55-58, studied ultrasonographic examinations using neural networks (NN) in the detection of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). They concluded NN is a very helpful tool for correlating many variables. ECG: [8] Maglaveras N et al., IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1998; 45:805-813, worked on adaptive back propagation neural network for real-time ischemia episodes detection, development and performance analysis using the European St-T database.

Coronary artery disease: [9] Shen Z et al., Comp Cardiol 1993; 20:221-224, A neural network approach in the detection of coronary artery disease. Liver transplantation outcomes prediction: [10] Doyle HR et al., Ann Surg 1994; 219:408-415, Predicting out-comes after liver transplantation: A connectionist approach Electronic noise: [11] Kermani BG et al., IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1999; 46:429-439, Using neural networks and genetic algorithms to enhance performance in electronic noise..



A Neural Network model can facilitate better treatment by predicting the change in circulation of blood volume. ************ The neural network is trained to predict the Ht value after various intervals of time. If the neural network predicts a drop in Ht value, it would indicate that the blood pressure is likely to drop and the medical worker can make the necessary adjustments.



Ulcerative colitis (UC), as well as Crohn’s disease (CD), is one of the prototype nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) of unknown cause. Drugs such as salazosulfapyridine, 5-aminosalicylic, and immunosuppressants have been used for the treatment of UC. These drugs attenuate the inflammation in the colonic mucosa by their anti-inflammation and immunosuppressive actions, and causes disease remission. However, some patients with UC are even refractory to the strong anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions of steroids. Surgical treatment often has been considered as the ultimate treatment modality for such patients.

Extracorporeal circulation treatment methods have shown to be highly effective for the treatment of UC patients refractory to steroids. One such method is called as granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GMA), in which mainly granulocytes and monocytes are removed from the blood. Another method is leukocytapheresis (LCAP), in which granulocytes, monocytes, as well as lymphocytes, are removed from the blood. These treatment modalities have been reported to yield a high therapeutic efficacy in many patients of UC, including those who are refractory to steroids.



Leukocyctapheresis (LCAP) is a blood purification treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC) [1]. LCAP is known to have a low incidence of side effects. During treatment the blood pressure of patient starts decreasing. This phenomenon is caused by change in circulation of blood volume. The continuous reduction of the hematocrit value (Ht) during blood purification process lowers blood pressure. Hence it is a critical factor and is considered to be a major determinant of infusion dose and vice-versa, where artificial neural network (ANN) has an edge over individual judgment.



LCAP is carried out using a column (Cellsorba E) filled with a non-woven fabric made up of polyester fibers. The fabric had a dual structure; an inner layer composed of superfine fibers 0.8-2.8 in diameter, and an outer layer composed of fibers 10-40 in diameter. The blood is filtrated from the outside into the inside of the non-woven fabric wound into a cylindrical shape in the column, and leukocyte components are removed. The blood, with leukocyte removed, is guided out from the column and heated, and the returned to the corresponding vein of the patient’s other arm or leg of the patient. The blood flow rate is set at 30-50, and 2-3 L of blood is treated in each session of LCAP. The treatment is carried out for one hour per session once in a week, for 10 wks.



In this paper an ANN model is proposed as a predictor of the Ht values after every 1, 3 and 5 minutes. Well-known Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network (NN) is used here for data evaluation. (Fig.1). MLP is an appropriate instrument to deal with this kind of problem because it can handle the intrinsic nonlinearities involved in these types of biological systems. This in process identifies multidimensional relationships and learns the input/output characteristics from input/output samples. Different input parameter combinations have been tried in order to find the most effective model for prediction.



Currently, a serial Hematocrit Monitor manufactured by CRIT-LINE Monitor (CLM), Hema Metrics Inc Salt Lake City Boston U.S.A is in use due to its particular capabilities. It facilitates the noninvasive monitoring of the Ht value, rate of change in the circulating blood volume (percent blood volume change,BV %), and venous blood oxygen saturation. This is done after every 20-second intervals by measuring the absorption rate of scattered infrared rays in a chamber set within the blood circuit of the blood purification devise. In the Tokushima University Hospital, CLM is used for obtaining Ht values during blood purification. Table1 shows the index of CLM [2].



http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=BP%2FHematocrit+values&btnG=Search



http://www.nature.com/ki/journal/v56/n1/abs/4495544a.html

Berns et al (1999) [13] used interdialytic ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring to study the effects of partially corrected anemia versus normal hematocrit (hct) on BP in hemodialysis patients. They report that the mean daytime and night time BPs were not different from each other at two, four, and eight months in anemic group or at any time in normal group, and in both groups, most patients had little diurnal change in BP. However this study focuses on BP normal daily activities, i.e. ABP, while here the focus is on BP of an individual as it relates to changes in Ht values during blood transfusion.

http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/18/3/565

L LaRue et al (1987) [14] found no significant difference in BP between hematocrit and stroke subtypes in normotensive individuals either in low (less than or equal to 30, 30-36%) or high (greater than or equal to 47%) hematocrit groups.

http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/43/6/876

Martin S et al (1971) [15] studied to assess the importance of an elevated cardiac output in the generation of the hypertension associated with chronic renal failure. It was concluded that the elevation of cardiac index in uremic patients is secondary to anemia and is reversible when the hematocrit is raised over 30%. The high cardiac index is not responsible for hypertension because restoration of cardiac index to normal by transfusion raises blood pressure rather than lowers it.

http://hyper.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/31/3/848

Giovanni Bertinieri et al (1998) [16] studied reduction in blood viscosity without changing blood volume causes a significant fall in both clinic and 24-hour ambulatory BPs. This is particularly true when, as can often happen, blood pressure is elevated. This emphasizes the importance this variable may have in the determination of blood pressure and the potential therapeutic value of its correction when altered.

http://ajpheart.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/289/5/H2136

Judith Martini et al (2005) [17] studied Hematocrit (Hct) relation between Hct and blood pressure and these findings suggest that increasing Hct increases blood viscosity, shear stress, and NO production, leading to vasodilatation and mild hypotension. Larger increases of Hct (>19% of baseline) led blood viscosity to increase >50%, overwhelming the NO effect through a significant viscosity-dependent increase in vascular resistance, causing MAP to rise above baseline values.

LACP Treatment Methodology & Application of Neural Network

The multi-layer perceptron designed for our application had linear function with regard to the input and output layer. The hidden layer neurons had a non-linear function, which was chosen as tanh in this case.

The prediction accuracy depends on the acted structure of the neural network and was examined for total 120 different types of them. The network’s performance also depends on the initial weight values. As a result, for each data set, the network was trained with 20 different initial weight values.







Simulation

The Neural Network Prediction Method

In each data set, Ht values of first 15 minutes at the beginning of LCAP procedure were not used. This was based on the fact that infusion of normal saline solution lowers the accuracy of measured Ht values during the initial period.

In this study, biological time series signals after 15 minutes of starting LCAP are represented as:



&nb sp; (1)



Where is sampled data at sampling time and is the last Ht value. The Ht data were divided into the consecutive pattern groups for improving the accuracy of prediction. A pattern group is defined as:



&nb sp; (2)



Where is index of group. is sampling time, and is training period. In this study, 60 Ht values were used for the training period. Pattern groups were formed by using Ht values in the following manner:



&nb sp; (3)



In this study, the neural network model is moving average type. The input/output relation of the neural network in the pattern group is as follows:



　　　　　　　Input &nb sp; | output

&nb sp; (4)



Where shows the number of input units and shows the prediction time. For example, the sampling interval is 20 seconds, hence means that neural network model will predict Ht value after each 1 minute.

When the number of units in input layer is, the neural network is trained to output based on input. Therefore in pattern group the neural network is trained using vectors. The connection weights were used as initial weights. were small random values. The back propagation algorithm was used as the supervised leaning algorithm for the Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP). When the following condition (Eg.5) was fulfilled, the training was ended.



and &nb sp; (5)



Where is for ideal condition. However it can be set to a value lower than one for tolerance.

Where was indicates the rms error during the training period which is given by



&nb sp; (6)



and is the number of sample in the training set.





Here is the weight matrix for pattern group at iteration during the training. In order to develop a moving average type NN model first the network was trained with all the pattern vectors in pattern group . When the network converges, the weights are obtained. Then the training is carried out using pattern vectors in Pattern Group and is used as initial weights. The sequence is repeated until the training is completed using the group.

The prediction is an output of the neural network model corresponding of input vector.

Error between the measured Ht values and the predicted values was defined as:



&nb sp; (7)



Where is number of pattern of groups.











Results

The prediction accuracy was examined using 120 kinds of NN structures. At first the number of units in the input and hidden layer were varied from 1 to 15. However, the number of units in the input layer always doesn’t to be more than the number of units in the hidden layer in order to avoid over training. Hence, the neural network with the smallest rms error in 120 kinds of structures was chosen as the best NN for the prediction. The NN’s output usually depends on the initial values of connection weights. Therefore initial weights were changed 20 times for each data. The average and standard deviation of rms error in 1, 3, and 5 minutes later were shown in Fig.3, Fig.4, and Fig.5. NN# shows the various NN structures. From Fig.3, Fig.4 and Fig.5, the most suitable NN structure has 1 unit in the input layer and 1 unit in the hidden layer 1 minute later. The most suitable NN structure has 1 unit in the input layer and 1 unit in the hidden layer 3 minutes later. The most suitable NN structure has 2 units in the input layer and 1 unit in the hidden layer 5 minutes later. The results of the prediction using these NN structures at the patient A shown in Fig.6, Fig.7 and Fig.8. Table3 shows the average and deviation of rms error between the measured Ht value and the predicted Ht value about each patients. From Table3, all results were small rms error between the measured Ht data and the predicted Ht data using NN.



Discussion and Conclusion

In this study, it was examined that the change of Ht value 1,3, and 5 minutes later can be predicted using NN. Ht values were predicted using 120 kinds of NN structures, but the best NN structure for prediction was the simple NN structure. The results were achieved since the change of Ht value in LCAP was small. All predictions of Ht values using NN were small rms error in Table3. It is dangerous if there is an error of 1% or more in Ht value in blood purification treatment. Therefore, it seems to be acceptable prediction of Ht values in all cases. This results shows the neural network predicts the Ht successfully.

Dr Tejinder Mohan Aggarwal
MBBS GAMS
DIRECTOR
PHOENIX HOSPITAL
SCO 8 SECTOR 16 PANCHKULA 134109 HARYANA INDIA

FORMER: *Research Associate,
CS & E, Florida Atlantic University (FAU), Boca Raton Fl 33431 USA

MicroAcupunktSysteme or Micro Acupuncture Point System - MAPS is organized by Dr. J. Gleditsch of Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich Germany. He taught this wonderful system to me at Harvard.

Microsystem Acupuncture is based on the Somatotopic fields comprising of specific points of correspondence in the Auricle (Ear), Scalp, Oral Cavity etc. A micro system is like a Map of the body - somatotope or a cartography of the whole organism similar to the homunculus discovered in the sensory motor cortex of the brain.

Each of the Micro system points have a clearly defined correlation to and interrelation with a particular organ or function. Thus MAPS is a very effective and efficient treatment as well as a diagnostic tool for physicians. In Europe - especially in France & Germany - micro-system acupuncture is adopted in the allopathic treatments.

For Example EAR Acupuncture is one such Micro-system. It was discovered by the french doctor Nogier who decoded the functional correspondences of the respective ear points. The punctual cartography of the Ear resembles an upside down embryo.

In India especially in the South Indian traditions - Ear piercing is an important event for Children. The ear point so chosen is in the auricular lobule - corresponding to the brain and more closely the Eye. So piercing both ears is a way of re-booting the brain and opening the third eye.

For laypeople - some very useful treatments can be attempted as remedy for minor ailments:

You need to consult Ear Anatomy book first to understand the location ( sorry I can not upload a picture here!)

Hiccups - Just press the middle of the Inferior antihelical crus with your finger for 3-5 min. Hiccup will stop!

Stress Buster - If you are taking your Maths exam or IIT/IIM entrance exam - use this. 2 CMs from the Antitragus is the Jerome Point - press for 3 min! It will relax your brain quite fast. It is also the point for increasing performance & virility.

Eye trouble - If your eyes are tired after browsing the Internet & you see stars - use this. Press the center of the Ear lobule for 2/3 min - your eyes will clear and vision will be sharp.

Depression - If you are depressed by an oppressing Boss in the office or a nagging partner - use this. 3 CMs from the lower part of the Tragus - press this point for 3 min ( intersection of the vegetative groove)- your depressive feelings will change.

Sneezing - If you have uncontrollable sneezing - us this. Just 2/3 CMs below the eye point. Press this point for 3 /4 min - you will be OK.

I know it is a tough call to locate the points without a ear map. Use Google to get a map of the ear and enjoy good health.

I feel preventive medicine approach sound for many ailments - by teaching simple Acupressure points to patients - we can focus on more serious cases.

Micro system can be a wonderful modality that a qualified Doctor can learn and add to his practice. It is very easy for ENT, Dentists and General Medicine practitioners to learn and use in their practice. That way an ENT Doctor can treat not only ENT issues but can also help in solving an additional ailment - say - Migraine Headache. Little touch-ups using MAPS can be a great relief to your patients.

If you are interested in learning MAPS write to me. Pl do not call - as it will disturb my practice.

Only board certified Doctors/ PT/Acupuncturists can take the course - CMAPS - Certified in Micro Acupuncture Point System course offered by Medaku Research. Bright Science/ Engineering Graduates with some experience can take a Junior Certificate - JC - MAPS. We need more barefoot doctors in India to offer first-aid and first level medicare to the poor in rural areas. This is a Distance program with one week of practical workshops at Chennai. Limited Seats only.