HIV/AIDS INFECTIONS FOLLOWED BY OPPURTUNISTIC INFECTIONS;

PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX DISEASES,SEX WEAKNESS & ABORTION SPECIALIST
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Besides some infections like Oral thrush,oral hairy leuoplakia,undiagnosed fever,loss of weight,loss of appetite,Diarrhoea prolonging for month or so which usually occurs even CD4 COUNT IS NOT THAT LOW I.E., ABOVE 200 OR more than 14% of total CD4 count percentage most below mentioned infections comes once HIV VIRAL LOAD IS HIGH,CD 4 BELOW 200 or 50 .
some gross hiv OPPURTUNISTIC INFECTIONS ARE AS FOLLOW:_

AIDS MALIASE:Weakness uneasyness muscle cramps,fever,nausea vomiting,loss of memory,murmuring bnorml words or wasting of muscles seen as many times.

Herpes simplex: seen as mutiple paulo vesiclar lesions over genitilia or mouth or in advanced stage lesion going to Lung and brain also reported.

CANCERS: BURKITT LYMPHOMA,CERVICAL CANCERS,INTESTINAL TUMORS,BRAIN LYPHOMAS may occur in advanced stage of AIDS/HIV infections Kaposi’s Sarcoma: It is a tumour caused by infection with human herpes virus 8. Though, initially described as an AIDS defining illness, it is known to occur in non-AIDS patients as well. However, as compared to a slow progression in normal individuals, the disease is very aggressive in HIV patients. The sarcoma can show symptoms in varied places including macular (related to a part of the eye), papular (all over the body) and exophytic (growths on the surface of the body) growth. (Read: HIV/AIDS – Causes, Symptoms, Tests, Treatment & More)

Candidiasis: It is an infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans. It is seen in normal as well as in patients with HIV/AIDS. In normal patients, the infection is limited to the mouth and oral cavity and is superficial in nature. In HIV/AIDS, it may colonize the oro-pharynx or the oesophagus or may colonize in both the areas. It may also infiltrate into the deeper tissues. By itself, it is not a prime cause of death, but the infection may cause difficulty in swallowing and decrease oral intake.

Crptococcosis: Fungal infection of Brain meninges is coomin,india ink tesing with csf is diagnostic.Crptosopodiasis of intestine produce diarrhoea similiarly Isospora infection does cause diarrhoes.
coccidiodomycosis,Histoplasmosis ,aspergilosis may infect lung or sytemic organs and even brain.
Tuberculosis (TB): It is one of the most important public health diseases in India. It is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the absence of a proper immune system as seen in HIV/AIDS patients, the disease is more aggressive, widespread and more aggressively infective. It affects multiple body organs and even organs like the thyroid glands and heart, which are normally resistant to tuberculous infection. Dr Anjana Tadani, from Niramaya Hospital says, ‘Besides all this, the strain that proliferates in HIV/AIDS patients are usually resistant to the conventional anti-tuberculus drugs, and is usually a multi drug resistant strain. This strain is capable of affecting multiple organs in the body leading to death.’
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a type of cancer of the immune system. Development of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a long term complication in HIV infection. The risk of developing Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma increases with the duration of decreased immunity. The cancerous cells are initially formed most commonly in the lymph nodes, but quickly spread to other organs and without treatment it can be rapidly fatal. However, with the use of early anti-retroviral therapy, the incidence of this disease in AIDS patients has greatly reduced.
Pneumocystitis Pneumonia (PCP): Pneumocystitis Pneumonia is an infection of the lung caused by a yeast like fungus Pneumocystis jiroveckii, an organism that is normally found in the lungs of healthy individuals. In the presence of a normal immune system, it is unable to cause any damage or infection. In a person suffering with HIV/AIDS, the body’s immune system is compromised. This decreased immunity makes the person susceptible to opportunistic infections like PCP. The organism infiltrates into the fibrous septa of the alveolar spaces present in the the lungs and causes them to thicken. This thickening prevents normal gaseous exchange in the lungs and causes a state of severely decreased oxygenation of the body. If untreated, this disease is fatal.
Cytomegalovirus infections: Cytomegalovirus is a virus that is a part of the herpes family and spreads through exchange of body fluids. In the normal course of events, the infection is asymptomatic and the virus usually remains dormant in the body for the entirety of a person’s life. However, in times of decreased immunity – like in a person suffering from HIV/AIDS – the virus reactivates and can lodge itself in various organs of the body like the lungs, brain, gastrointestinal system and the eye. Untreated and in the case of a severe infection can be dangerous to life.Cytomeglo Retinitis n advnced infection of eye needing very meticulous treatment.
HIV and AIDS Dementia: Dementia is a condition that leads to a loss of intellectual capabilities such as memory, judgement and abstract thinking. Unlike other complications and diseases in AIDS which are opportunistic infections, it is postulated that AIDS Dementia Complex is caused by the HIV virus directly. Though, HIV does not directly infect the brain cells, it may cause inflammation in them or kill them. This was a common condition in the pre-HIV treatment days, but today, less than 10 – 15% of AIDS patients develop this complex.A
AIDS Wasting Syndrome: Wasting syndrome is a condition seen in AIDS patients where there is more than 10% weight loss with decrease in muscle mass. It is caused due to a variety of factors including:
Loss of Appetite: Directly because of HIV infection, opportunistic infections, side effects of medications, depression etc.
Decreased absorption of nutrients: This is usually either directly because of HIV infection, opportunistic infections and diarrhoea due to the side effects of medicines.
Metabolic changes: HIV as well as other infectious diseases cause an increased energy demand from the body, which may not be met by the dietary intake of a patient suffering from HIV/AIDS. This causes conversion of proteins to energy which can lead to wasting syndrome.
The AIDS Wasting syndrome increases the risk of opportunistic infections and significantly increases the risk of death.
Mycobacterium Avium Complex: Mycobacterium Avium Complex is a disease complex resembling a tuberculous infection which is almost never seen in normal healthy individuals. It is caused by a group of bacteria which include Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. The source of infection is uncertain but both water and air have been implicated. Mycobacterium kansasi infection is also seen.In severely immune compromised patients this disease can be very difficult to manage as the source is yet unknown.

Lipodystrophy: It is a condition of abnormal fat distribution which has two components -Lipohypertrophy where there is an abnormal central deposition of fat and Lipoatrophy involving the loss of fat in peripheral sites like arms and limbs.

Lipodystrophy can be seen in other chronic conditions as well. In HIV/AIDS patients, it is usually seen as a complication of anti-retroviral therapy. The condition makes the person susceptible to atherosclerosis and diabetes.

Toxoplasmosis: Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Transmission to humans occurs primarily by ingestion of undercooked pork or lamb meat that contains tissue cysts, or by exposure to oocysts either through ingestion of contaminated vegetables or direct contact with cat faeces. Other modes of transmission include the transplacental route (from mother to baby), blood product transfusion, and organ transplantation. In patients with a healthy and otherwise normal immune system this infection – even in an acute infection – does not show symptoms. Once ingested, the oocysts spread to different organs and enter the cells, causing destruction and focal necrosis (tissue death in the area where the cysts have invaded the organ). The immune reaction converts these foci into tissue cysts.

Toxoplasmosis associated with HIV infection is typically caused by reactivation of a chronic infection and is seen primarily as toxoplasmic encephalitis. This disease is an important cause of brain lesions in HIV-infected patients. Characteristically, toxoplasmic encephalitis is seen in a patient with moderate severity and one of the classic symptoms or effects of this condition is that a small part of the patient’s brain is affected (also called focal neurologic effects) by the presence of the cyst. This is normally accompanied by headaches, altered mental status, and fever. The most common focal neurologic signs are motor weakness and speech disturbances. The patients may also suffer from seizures, cranial nerve abnormalities, visual field defects, sensory disturbances, cerebellar dysfunction, meningismus (symptoms like meningitis but without the infection of the meninges), movement disorders, and neuropsychiatric manifestations like schizophrenia, hallucinations etc.
Toxoplasmosis is a rarely fatal form of diffuse encephalitis. Treatment is similar for both healthy as well as for patients with HIV/AIDS. However, it may be necessary to continue medication even after the condition is resolved and administer maintenance therapy for longer times in patients with HIV/AIDS.
Progressive leuco-encephalopathy: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare disease of the brain involving the white matter and caused by the JC virus (John Cunningham virus). It occurs almost exclusively in people with immune deficiency including those with HIV/AIDS. In patients not on anti-retroviral therapy, death occurs in almost 95% of patients within 4 to 6 months after diagnosis. With the widespread adoption of therapy, the incidence of PML has decreased substantially. Also, patients now show a prolonged survival rate (almost 2 years). All treatments for this disease are experimental and there is no known standardized protocol for cure or remission. Intensive antiretroviral therapy is the cornerstone of treatment.

HIV /AIDS VACCINE ON THE WAY:NEW TECHNOLODGY ADATED FOR A SUCESS;

PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX DISEASES,SEX WEAKNESS & ABORTION SPECIALIST
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Finnish company FIT Biotech might have just developed an extremely effective treatment for HIV, a vaccine designed to "lower the viral load of current HIV patients."According to Finnish news outlet Yle Uutiset, FIT Biotech's treatment might have the ability to stop the HIV infection from progressing dead in its tracks, or even help patients rid their bodies of the infection completely. CEO Kalevi Reijonen says that the company is collaborating with two European universities and American pharmaceutical companies to conduct an ongoing study to test the vaccine. The research will last two to three years starting in spring 2014, and involve 1,000 patients throughout Switzerland and France. The first phase will involve hundreds of HIV sufferers.

According to Reijonen, the treatment is revolutionary. If testing is successful, "... applications will be made to the FDA in the USA and the EMA in Europe to authorise the marketing of the drug. Dealing with the regulations may take a year and a half. So we're still looking at about five years before the drug would become available."Designed to use in combination with AIDS medication, FIT Biotech says that the medical treatment of a vaccinated HIV sufferer in the developed world could cost 90% less.
The science: It all sounds very promising in theory, but FIT Biotech has yet to prove the efficacy of its proposed treatment. Basically, it's a DNA vaccine that encodes HIV or SIV (the simian equivalent of the virus) proteins, allowing the patient to produce T-cells specifically designed to fight HIV. FIT Biotech's patented "Gene Transport Unit" (GTU) technology safely introduces new genes into the body, apparently with few side effects.Vaccinated macaques in a prior study showed signs of significantly better immune response:
Coupled with existing retroviral drug treatments, the medication could theoretically help the body reduce HIV levels to very low amounts, halting symptoms or transmission of the virus, or even reducing it to undetectable levels (think Magic Johnson).In the best-case scenario, the vaccine could essentially make HIV infections asymptomatic in combination with retroviral drugs, with remission still a risk without continued treatment. Reijonen says that a preventative HIV vaccine based on the treatment could be a decade away.But FIT Biotech still hasn't proven its treatment will work in humans, meaning that the upcoming trials will be the real benchmark.

So is this a cure for HIV? Not yet, but there's good reason to be optimistic. Other researchers like Dr. Louis J. Picker have been making similar strides in research into an HIV vaccine, increasing hopes that at least one of these new technologies will pan out.

HIV /AIDS DEVELOPMENT IN YEAR 2103 :ZERO GOAL & TREATMENT TO ALL: NO DISCIMINATION,NO SHAME NO STIGMA : TAKE TREATMENT AND CURE IT ;INSURANCE CARE TO EVERY HIV/AIDS IN USA UNDER PEPFAR ND TREATMENT FOR EVERYBODY AND ENSURING ADHERANCE OR COMPLIANCE OF TRETENT AND MAKING HIV TO ZERO LEVEL : TO ERADICATE HIV NOT FROM USA BUT WHOLE WORLD ALONG WITH TB AND MALARIA;DOES IT WORKING NORMALLY ?

HAPPY NEW YEAR 2104 TO ALL MY FRIENDS,HIV/AIDS FRIENDS/MEMBERS OF LGBT

PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX DISEASES,SEX WEAKNESS & ABORTION SPECIALIST
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HIV /AIDS treatment has markedly changed s after when the World Health Organization established the first World AIDS Day on December 1, 1988, treatment options for people living with HIV were practically nonexistent, and AIDS was almost invariably fatal. Hope was in short supply, and there seemed to be little reason for optimism. I am grateful that the world is a very different place for the 25th annual World AIDS Day.
In between whole world united to put much slogans for HIV/AIDS care as disease cannot be eradicated and it was reporteed tht death is very painful nd is the ultimate fte and widespred sex activites are really a greatt danger to world .
In US first time realised that HIV/AIDS patients are very much neglected and due to lack of education most persons discriminatte and stigmtise HIV/AIDS patients and further push them for no care and as treatment and diagnosis being very costly so often patient donot seek treatment or leave treatment.US Subsequently, in late 2011 CDC did its own analysis of HIV surveillance datasets, viral load and CD4 laboratory reports, and other published data to develop national estimates of the number of HIV-infected persons at each step of the treatment cascade. Their findings, published in CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), were similar to those of Dr. Gardner and his colleagues and can be summarized as follows:
For every 100 individuals living with HIV in the United States, it is estimated that:
80 are aware of their HIV status.
62 have been linked to HIV care.
41 stay in HIV care.
36 get antiretroviral therapy (ART).
28 are able to adhere to their treatment and sustain undetectable viral loads.
In short, CDC estimated that only 28 percent of the more than 1 million individuals in the U.S. who are living with HIV/AIDS are getting the full benefits of the treatment they need to manage their disease and keep the virus under control. Put another way, nearly 3 out of 4 people living with HIV in the U.S. have failed to successfully navigate the treatment cascade.
Therefore before 10 yrs,The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) was aanounced.After 10th yrs This Yer OBAMA hs further added to PEPFAR which now directly supports life-saving antiretroviral treatment for millions of men, women, and children worldwide. Together with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and partner nations, we are working toward an AIDS-free generation around the world.
Now it hs been adopted that treatment and diagnosis should be done as soon as possible and now treatment in US is not important treat every patient of world to make HIV/AIDS TO ZERO LEVEL.Now in USA from year 2014 EVERY HIV/AIDS patient will be provided INSURANCE FOR DIAGNOSIS,FULL TREATMENT AND COMPLICATION AT VERY AFFORDABLE PRICES.Here in the U.S., guided by the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, (NHAS), agencies and offices across the Department of Health and Human Services are working to strengthen HIV prevention, care and treatment efforts. As President Obama directed earlier this year when he established the HIV Care Continuum Initiative, we are accelerating efforts to increase HIV testing as well as improve access to and retention in HIV care. That way, we can better address drop-offs along the continuum of HIV care, from diagnosis to receiving optimal treatment. Fewer than half of the people living with HIV are getting the medical care they need, and only about 25 percent have achieved control over their HIV infection with medication. Such control both benefits their health and reduces the likelihood of HIV transmission.
SO TREAT ALL APTEINTS AND GIVE THEM FREE MEDICINES,CARE AND INVESTIGATION IRESPECTIVE OF THEIR NTIONALITY CASTE,CREED OR COLOR TO CURB HIV COMPLETELY.

Mississippi baby cured of HIV!: A BREAK THROUGH RESEARCH OF YEAR 2013 :

PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX DISEASES,SEX WEAKNESS & ABORTION SPECIALIST
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In what could be termed the biggest medical breakthrough in the last century, a baby born with the AIDS virus has been cured of the diseases after following an aggressive regime of drugs. This is the second documented case of a person being completely cured of the virus after an adult known as the Berlin Patient was cured as a result of bone-marrow transplant.This startling piece of information was discovered when the baby’s mother stopped treatment and doctors lost track of the baby who was given a bout of heavy drugs (current procedure suggests only a modest daily dose of antiretroviral treatment) about 30 hours after she was born at a rural Mississippi hospital, doctors said at a medical meeting in Atlanta.

The baby was born to an HIV positive mother who didn’t know she had the virus so hadn’t taken any antiretroviral treatments before giving birth. The infant was immediately put on anti-HIV medication regime which lasted for 18 months after which the mother disappeared. When the child returned for care five months later, it was found that she had an ‘undetectable viral load’ – the baby was no longer considered HIV-positive.Researchers and experts have cautioned against taking this as a standard case and it has no bearing on most people who contract the virus in adulthood. However, further studies could spur widespread use of such an aggressive regimen in babies born with HIV, most of them in low and middle income countries.

Current WHO guidelines suggest treating infants with a modest daily dose of antiretroviral treatment for four to six weeks, in part because extensive studies haven’t been carried out on the subject yet. There’s however some evidence to suggest that the doctor’s approach of aggressive antiretroviral treatment within 30 hours of the infant’s birth may have led to this cure. Experts hypothesize that the heavy dose prevented the formation of the viral reservoirs that harbour the virus. These viral reservoirs are the key hurdle to treatment because even though AIDS drugs prevent the virus from replicating, it continues to lurk in the reservoirs and usually surge back when the treatment is stopped. The baby was constantly tested for the virus and has now been virus-free for one year.

HIV/AIDS SPREAD :DOES CIRCUMCSION HELP ? FEMALE CIRCUMCISION ;
PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX DISEASES,SEX WEAKNESS & ABORTION SPECIALIST
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Circumcised men are less likely to transmit and acquire HIV,a chance up to 50-60 % in some studies --as long as they continue to practice safe sex.But by this finding people Mass circumcision campaigns in sub-Saharan Africa have attempted to stem the tide of HIV infection by making men less infectious. Unsafe behaviors after circumcision, however, offset the benefits of circumcision.So condom or safe or protected sex is amust and anot alternatve to any vaginal pill,circumcision,or prophylaxis pill to combat HIV/AIDS OR HERPES/HPV .But Circumcision prevent HIV not syphillis or gonorrhoea,trichomans,chlamydia.
In the United States, a majority of males are still circumcised (the foreskins of the penises surgically removed) at birth. Outside of the Muslim and Jewish worlds, however, male circumcision has always been a relative rarity, until scientists in the last decade learned that men who have been circumcised are less likely to spread HIV.beside it eing done 1-2nd day of birth give benefits of prevention of UTI,HIV/AIDS, HPV (leading no cervical cancer to partner and no penile cancer to affected person), cleaness as no stigma deposition,relef from phimosis (adesion of foresin over glans leading no foreskin retraction or even closing ext urethral meatus-no urine needing an urgent surgery-CIRCUMCISION). But complication ofbleeding,infection and other side effect in such small age heralds its benefit so many donot like it as practised in muslim /jewish community (they belief it reduces sex urge and desire),therefore in some African countries even Female Circumcision practised ,where to curb sex desire either foreskin of clitoris(Female Penis) or part of clitoris or clitris whole and labia minora cut mutiliating vagina commpletely and stitiching Labia majora with throns leading severe Bleeding,Infection and narrowing of vagina and even death.
Probably the strongest predictor of whether a sexually active adult will be infected with the virus that causes AIDS is whether or not he or she already has been infected with the herpes virus. In studies of HIV transmission in India, researchers have found that men who are already infected with herpes are 2.5 to 14 times more likely to become infected with HIV when they are exposed to it, and women who are already infected with herpes are 1.4 to 2.8 times more likely to become infected with HIV when they are exposed the virus. But there are also factors that reduce the likelihood of exposure.One of those factors is the presence of certain kinds of bacteria on the male penis. The penis is always inhabited by surface bacteria, but different kinds of bacteria predominate when the surface of the penis is exposed to the air, and when it is not. When a man has not been circumcised, most of the bacteria at the tip of his penis (the region known in science as the “coronal sulcus”) are anaerobic, that is, bacteria that do not depend on the air as their source of oxygen. When a man has been circumcised, most of the bacteria at the tip of his penis are aerobic, or oxygen-loving.
The Immune System Responds Differently In Circumcised And Uncircumcised Men:
The immune system responds to anaerobic and aerobic bacteria in different ways. Generally, aerobic, air-loving bacteria are less threatening to the immune system, so the white blood cells in the skin of the penis are not as highly activated as they are in the presence of anaerobic bacteria. When white blood cells are not as active, they are less likely to bind to HIV, and there is less surface area on the penis that in which the immune system can become activated. Consequently a man who has been circumcised is less likely to be infected by HIV and then less likely to spread HIV to his sex partners. Men who are circumcised are far less likely to acquire HIV infections during unprotected sex.