HIV/AIDS :WHAT SHOULD BE TESTED AND HOW AND WHEN ? TEST RECOMMENDED AT DIFFERENT STATES FOR HIV/AIDS -DO IT UNDER MEDICAL GUIDANCE ONLY AS NEED INTERPRETATION BY EXPERT

PROF.DRRAM ,HIV/AIDS,SEX DIS.,SEX WEAK.& ABORTION SPECIALIST
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After any reason mentioned in previous page the suspected person should undero different tests for conformation:

1.antibodies test: done by Elsia,western blot and simple antigen,antiody card test must be confrmed at least two times and if possible by western blot for confirmation of HIV I AND II,KIT SHOULD DETECT BOTH HIV I AND II,althouh HIV ii is rare in our country and these tests are never positive befor 21 days post infection but maynot positive in some patients even upto 6 months and rarely upto 12 or a8 months in slow progressors .It may be negative in advanced stage and may be false positive if coinfection with hbsag or hcv infection or serum kept for long time ,other immunity disorders.
2.P-24 Antien test and antibodies test: may be positive within 14 days of infection and may show positivity in new born of infected mother even within 1-3 months,antibodies test positive after 6-8 months and then p24 antigen disappears but may re appear if disease is advanced .
KEY to diagnosis of HIV /AIDS or any other Sex transmitted disease is testing by blood or body fluid like csf,vaginal,semen or ascitic or pleural fluid and now a days urine and salivary secretion too.
3.HIV DNA PCR : detect hiv even in early sae in new born and in a patient although positive but hiv rna pcr is negative.
4.HIV RNA PCR : both qualitative and quantitative indicate positivity strongly and determine stae of disease as per viral load.
5.HIV Genotype : both for HIV I and II differnet enotype study indicate for different strains prsent
6.Hiv drug sensitivity: different strains and drugs sensitivity done to know resistance and change the drug.
7.Simple Blood test nd test of total wbc count and Lymphocytes,esr ,crp and neutrophils count.
8.CD$ and CD8 cells count cd4 diminishes and cd8 increases in HIV infection so ratio is always low,if cd4 count is fallin 30-40 pm disease progressin very fast.CD$ cells percentae to lymphocytes is more important in children if fall beow 20% treatment is started but now for every asymptomatic child too we offer treatnment.
9.Neopterin level : it increases as more macrophages infection.it is non specific.
10.B2 micoglobulin level: due to increase macrocytic activity reaction it is more liberated.
11.Interleukin -2 level it increases as more cellular immunity comes in focus.
SO MANY TESTS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION IS DIFFICULT SO ONE PERSON SHOULD NOT GET FRIGHTENED IF ONE POSITIVE SHOULD O FOR MORE DETAILS AND THIS IS POSSIBLE BY ONLY AN EXPERT SO SELF TESTIN WILL INCREASE DIFFICULTIES ONLY,ONE SHOULD GO TO EXPERT AND HE./SHE WILL DECIDE WHICH IS BEST FOR ONE PATIENT SEEING HIS GENERAL CONDITION AND OTHER INFECTIONS AND STATUS AND DAY OF REPORTING AND ECONOMICAL STATUS.
Now a days any person can ask for testing although advanced nation are asking for everybody to et tested for hiv but still in India,FSW,CSW, Sexworkers, Migratory labors,truckdrivers,all patients at std clinic,prenant mothers and blood donors are tested only.
But in all private hospital of metro and big cities are getting tested for HBSag,HCV and HIV mandatory without counselling (which is illegal)