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Jan15
NIPT "Non Invasive Pregnancy Test" DIAGNOSE CHROMOSAL ABNORMALITY BUT MAY BE USED FOR SEX DETERMINATION IN INDIA-NEED REGULATIONS TO SAVE FEMALE CHILD
NIPT "Non Invasive Pregnancy Test" DIAGNOSE CHROMOSAL ABNORMALITY BUT MAY BE USED FOR SEX DETERMINATION IN INDIA-NEED REGULATIONS TO SAVE FEMALE CHILD
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Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), also known as noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD), is a screening method for detecting certain specific chromosomal abnormalities in a developing baby. Noninvasive prenatal testing is a sophisticated blood test that examines fetal DNA in the maternal bloodstream to determine whether your baby is at risk of Down syndrome, extra sequences of chromosome 13 (trisomy 13), extra sequences of chromosome 18 (trisomy 18) or a sex chromosome abnormality, such as Turner syndrome. The testing can also be used to determine a rhesus (Rh) blood type. Noninvasive prenatal testing is much more sensitive and specific than traditional first and second trimester screening. As a result, noninvasive testing can often help women who have certain risk factors avoid invasive testing, such as: Amniocentesis. During this procedure, a small sample of the fluid that surrounds and protects the baby during pregnancy (amniotic fluid) is removed from the uterus for testing. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS). During CVS, a small sample of the wispy projections that are part of the developing placenta (chorionic villi) are removed from the placenta for testing. Amniocentesis and CVS both carry a slight risk of miscarriage. Noninvasive prenatal testing can determine whether baby is at risk of a chromosomal condition. Risk factors might include older maternal age or having previously given birth to a baby who has Down syndrome, trisomy 13 or trisomy 18. If patient a carrier of an X-linked recessive disorder. X-linked recessive disorders, such as Duchenne's muscular dystrophy or a blood-clotting disorder (hemophilia), typically affect only males. If PT have an Rh negative blood type. Noninvasive prenatal testing can determine baby's Rh factor. If mother Rh negative and baby is Rh positive(from husband ), mother might produce Rh antibodies after exposure to baby's red blood cells. This is called becoming sensitized. (This is typically not a concern during a first pregnancy, but can be a concern during subsequent pregnancies and due to excessive RBC BREAKDOWN high serum bilirubin may kill or badly affect the baby.) The new blood test NIPT will let expecting mothers know the sex of their baby as early as the first trimester. The falling sex ratio is already a bother for policymakers and sociologists in India. Now, scientists have developed a new blood test that will allow early detection of foetal gender, further endangering the girl child.Unlike ultrasound tests currently used for finding out the sex of an unborn child, the new blood test would let expecting mothers know the sex of their baby as early as the first trimester. The test measures the ratio of two crucial enzymes, DYS14 and GAPDH, from foetal DNA circulating in the mother's blood. The ratio is an effective indicator of foetal gender, Korean scientists who developed the test said. The research results have been published in the latest issue of the Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. The non-invasive test will require just a drop of blood from the pregnant woman. Currently, till the onset of ultrasound, the procedure of amniocentesis is used for sex determination. But it is invasive and carries the risk of miscarriage. Moreover, it can't be performed until 11 weeks of pregnancy. Ultrasound gives reliable determination of foetal gender but it can't be performed in the first trimester. The use of ultrasound for sex determination has been outlawed in India, following its misuse for abortion of the female foetus, which has led to skewed sex ratio in many parts of the country. Researchers from the University School of Medicine in Seoul claim the ratio test will be the first of its kind. "This can reduce the need for invasive procedures in pregnant women," researcher Hyun Mee Ryu said. The study involved analysing the blood samples from 203 women during their first trimester. The presence of circulating foetal DNA and the quantity of the two enzymes were confirmed through a series of tests. The results were confirmed when the women gave birth. "The study shows it is possible to predict the sex of a child as early as the first few weeks after conception," Gerald Weissmann, journal editor, said. While the test is a major scientific advance, it can be misused in India. IT IS HIGHLY FREELY DONE IN INDIA BUY MANY LABS AND IS NOT REGULATED AND GRADUALLY COST IS COMING DOWN IN COMPETITION AND LIKELY TO BE MISUSED FOR SEX DETERMINATIONS AS COST IS HIGH BUT IN GROWING MIDDLE CLASS ECONOMY MANY CAN SPEND


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