HIV /AIDS:DEFINITION,CAUSE,SYMPTOMS,TESTS & TREATMENT WAY

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HIV/AIDS is a disease that affects the human immune system. AIDS is the final stage of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. If an HIV positive person is left untreated, his/her condition deteriorates into full-blown AIDS where the immune system stops working. Thus the immune system is unable to protect the person from diseases or infections. The virus can be transmitted from an HIV positive person through the exchange of body fluids. This can happen through sexual contact, blood transfusion, needles or from a mother to child during pregnancy. Though there is no cure yet, antiretroviral treatment has proven to be very effective.
HIV/ AIDS has killed more than 25 million people in the past 3 decades. One of the main reasons why HIV/AIDS is so widespread is the lack the knowledge about risk factors and transmission of HIV.
RISKS are:- 
Having unprotected sex
Multiple sex partners
Other sexually transmitted infections
Transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products
Contaminated syringes and needles
Drug abuse
Unsafe piercings
Negligence in medical practice
Mother-to-child HIV risk
The chances of HIV transmission through oral sex are low but it can’t be completely ruled out.The virus cannot survive for long outside the human body and dies quickly when the body fluid in which it is contained dries up. This is why it can’t be spread by insects, can’t spread like the flu virus (public surfaces, coughing, sneezing,eating playing,living together or by cloth utensils,bath tub,using toilet or other kits of patient etc.) 
SYMPTOMS
HIV symptoms vary from person to person. Some people experience a flu-like illness such as fever, headache or sore throat in the first few weeks after which the symptoms vanish. A person can have HIV for many years before developing any symptoms. Opportunistic infections are common in people with AIDS which affects nearly every organ system. Some of the signs that HIV is turning into AIDS include:
Persistent fever
Extreme fatigue not related to stress or lack of sleep
Persistent diarrhoea
Severe malnutrition, losing weight
Swollen glands in the neck, groin, etc.
Difficulty in swallowing
Oral thrush
Headache, confusion and forgetfulness
Increased risk of developing various cancers like Kaposi sarcoma, lymphomas, cervical cancer, etc.
DIAGNOSIS
All the tests available for the diagnosis of HIV infection are based on the basics of immunology. 
ELISA test
Antibody differentiation test
Western blot test
Tests detecting the HIV antigen
Antigen p24 test
PCR for plasma HIV RNA test
TREATMENT:
The two main goals of HIV treatment are to prevent the virus from damaging the immune system to halt or delay the progress of the infection
Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are used for treating and preventing HIV infection. They stop or interfere with the reproduction of the virus in the body. ART does not cure HIV infection. It controls replication of the virus thereby strengthening an individual’s immune system to fight off infections. These drugs must be taken at the right time every day. Incorrect or inconsistent therapy can mutate the virus causing resistance to treatment. 
People with HIV need counselling and psychosocial support in addition to antiretroviral treatment. A high quality of life needs to be maintained with basic hygiene, adequate nutrition and safe water.