GUT BACTERIAL INFECTION MAY LEAD TO METABOLIC SYNDROME TYPE II DIABETES

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Researchers have found that having bacteria that penetrate the mucus lining of the colon may promote metabolic disease, particularly Type-2 diabetes.Metabolic syndrome, which has become far more common due to a rise in obesity rates among adults, is a leading risk factor for many serious, life-threatening diseases, including Type-2 diabetes and heart disease, according to the US National Institutes of Health.

        "Alterations in bacteria have been associated with metabolic diseases, including obesity and Type-2 diabetes, but mechanisms remain elusive," said one of the lead researchers Andrew Gewirtz, Professor at Georgia State University in the US."Previous studies in mice have indicated that bacteria that are able to encroach upon the epithelium might be able to promote inflammation that drives metabolic diseases, and now we`ve shown that this is also a feature of metabolic disease in humans, specifically Type-2 diabetics who are exhibiting microbiota encroachment," Gewirtz added. 
       The epithelium is the mucus-lined cellular covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the intestinal tract.The findings, published in the journal Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, may help open a new field of investigation in metabolic function and Type-2 diabetes.Gut microbiota is the collective term for the communities of microscopic living organisms that inhabit this environment.

          Gut microbiota that live in the outer regions of the mucus and remain a safe distance from epithelial cells provide a benefit to the host, but the researchers hypothesised that microbiota that encroach upon host cells drive chronic inflammation that interferes with the normal action of insulin, promoting Type-2 diabetes.