Genetic Detection of Viral or Bacterial infection to prevent Growth of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

Prof Dr,DRAM,HIV /AIDS,HEPATITIS ,SEX DISEASES & WEAKNESS expert,New Delhi,India, +917838059592

When ever any patient with cold ,cough,running nose or  fever or loose motions,pain abdomen ,uti,comes to our clinic ,Doctor always assume it as bacterial one and use broad spectrum antibiotics to treat these patients assuming all as bacterial infections while many are purely a viral one and doesnot require antibiotics .Such excessive use of Antibiotics for any infection or  prophylaxisly in any operation to prevent infection is not good.The pile of resistant bacteria is picking new height day by day and many times we are in a situation where organism is completely resistant to all available antibiotics as infection by a Super Bug as previously methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MSRA) ,Vancomycin resistant bacteria and now NDM_1 bacterias are present beside resistant Mycobacterium

                    New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) or called as New Metallo Beta lactamase after protest by India is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics. These include the antibiotics of the carbapenem family, which are a mainstay for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The gene for NDM-1 is one member of a large gene family that encodes beta-lactamase enzymes called carbapenemases. Bacteria that produce carbapenemases are often referred to in the news media as "superbugs" because infections caused by them are difficult to treat. Such bacteria are usually susceptible only to polymyxins,streptogramins as quinipristin or synercid colistins,ceftobiprole,and tigecycline  or teixobactin (to be developed by human trial )but now in new strains are emerging which are  resistant to even these antibiotics.

                    So in a bid to stop the spread of antibiotic resistance, scientists are developing a tool to help physicians distinguish between bacterial and viral infections.Researchers identified 11 genetic markers in blood that accurately distinguished between viral and bacterial infections.Antibiotics help us fight bacterial infections, but are not effective and should not be used to treat viruses.

         Researchers studied 94 adults hospitalised with lower respiratory tract infections.They gathered their clinical data, took blood from each patient, and conducted a battery of microbiologic tests to determine which individuals had a bacterial infection and which had a non-bacterial or viral infection.

        The team then used complex genetic and statistical analysis to pinpoint markers in the blood that correctly classified the patients with bacterial infections 80 to 90 per cent of the time.    "Our genes react differently to a virus than they do to bacteria," said Thomas J Mariani, professor at URMC.

      "Rather than trying to detect the specific organism that is making an individual sick, we are using genetic data to help us determine what is affecting the patient and when an antibiotic is appropriate or not," Mariani said.So by genetic blood markers we can know whether we have bacterial or viral infection and if viral donot use antibiotics and before using any broad spectrum antibiotics we must get assured by culture if possible what antibiotics to be used.For simple cold,cough or diarrhoea,uti or simple skin or wound infection or for any less or no contaminated operations we should avoid using antibiotics,not in starting as practised to save our future generation with antibiotics otherwise soon many resistant strain will come.Sporadic use of Antibiotics for limited period as per own will must be stopped and Government should stop selling antibiotics over counter.