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Whenever we have internal injuries of organs of our body either by external trauma caused by blunt or penetrating wounds or by radiation or iatrogenic injuries we soon need some hemostatic which can arrest bleeding and help in repair of injured wound as soon as possible.A team of scientists, including one of Indian-origin, have developed an 'injectable bandage' - a therapeutic gel that can heal potentially fatal internal injuries.

             A penetrating injury from shrapnel is a serious obstacle in overcoming battlefield wounds that can ultimately lead to death.Given the high mortality rates due to hemorrhaging, there is an unmet need to quickly self-administer materials that prevent fatality due to excessive blood loss.

                a gelling agent commonly used in preparing pastries, researchers from the Texas A&M University in the US have successfully fabricated an injectable bandage to stop bleeding and promote wound healing. Researchers used kappa-carrageenan and nanosilicates to form injectable hydrogels to promote hemostasis (the process to stop bleeding) and facilitate wound healing via a controlled release of therapeutics.

           "Injectable hydrogels are promising materials for achieving hemostasis in case of internal injuries and bleeding, as these biomaterials can be introduced into a wound site using minimally invasive approaches," said Akhilesh K Gaharwar, assistant professor at Texas A&M University."An ideal injectable bandage should solidify after injection in the wound area and promote a natural clotting cascade. In addition, the injectable bandage should initiate wound healing response after achieving hemostasis," said Gaharwar.

            The study, published in the journal Acta Biomaterialia, uses a common thickening agent known as kappa-carrageenan, obtained from seaweed, to design injectable hydrogels.Hydrogels are a 3D water swollen polymer network, similar to Jell-O, simulating the structure of human tissues.When kappa-carrageenan is mixed with clay-based nanoparticles, injectable gelatin is obtained. The charged characteristics of clay-based nanoparticles provide hemostatic ability to the hydrogels.

               Specifically, plasma protein and platelets form blood adsorption on the gel surface and trigger a blood clotting cascade."Interestingly, we also found that these injectable bandages can show a prolonged release of therapeutics that can be used to heal the wound" said Giriraj Lokhande, a graduate student in Gaharwar's lab.

                      "The negative surface charge of nanoparticles enabled electrostatic interactions with therapeutics thus resulting in the slow release of therapeutics," said Lokhande.