Cataract Surgery In Ghatkopar

Cataract surgery is replacing the faulty lens with an artificial lens. It’s a common and safe procedure done by ophthalmologist when you are having cloudy vision. Decision to undergo cataract surgery depends on the level of difficulty; a patient is facing on daily routine activities.

What is Cataract?
Cataract is progressive in nature and develops with time you grow older. Cataract affects most of people and becomes prominent with age. It can be described as blurry, cloudy or opaque vision. Natural eye lens focuses light on the retina to form clear and undistorted image. Clouding of this lens results in blurred and distorted image. It commonly affects both eyes but in few cases one eye cataract might advances rapidly. If not treated on time, may result is complete loss of sight.

Causes of Cataract
Cataract can be seen in children as a hereditary defect, while eye trauma, smoking, diabetes, excessive use of alcohol, prolonged exposure of sunlight or ultraviolet rays, extended use of corticosteroids are few causes of cataract occurring in elderly people.

Eye Examination
Cataracts can be diagnosed with simple eye exam. The eye exam contains a vision test and an examination of your eyes using a slit lamp microscope. The pupils are dilated with special eye drops to provide a better view of the back of the eye, where the retina and optic nerve are located.

Symptoms of cataract
Ask yourself few questions

Do you feel difficulty in seeing at night?

Is reading or watching television becoming difficult for you?

Driving at night or seeing in bright light has become difficult?

Do you need assistance for finding ways while walking, cooking, shopping or daily activities of your visi

Are you opting for alternate ways to substitute your vision problems?

Glare or sensitivity to light is another symptom of cataract. Diplopia or double vision is also seen in cataract patients. It also affects color vision, leading to yellowish or brownish tint to your eyesight. Patients often need frequent changes in their eyeglasses.

Cataract Treatment in Ghatkopar
Cataract develops as a result of thickened eye lens and treatment is to replace faulty lens with a new lens. Cataract removal is a routine treatment procedure at opthalomogist clinic and carried out across the globe with rarely any accompanying complications.

To prepare you for surgery, your doctor calls you for eye checkup (a week before), to choose which eye lens is best for you.

On the day of surgery, it’s recommended not to eat for 12 hours before surgery.

Recovery
Usually it is a complication free procedure, but it is recommended to be in contact with your surgeon after the surgery. Initially, an eye drop is given to reduce inflammation and prevent infection. You will need frequent visits to the doctor to monitor any complications. Cataract removal procedure doesn’t need night stay, as it’s a small daycare surgery. Most people observe an improvement in their visual function within few days of the surgery, enabling them to restart most of their daily activities including work.

Majority of people regain full activity after a few days of getting the procedure. Your doctor might fit you with a pair of glasses (if needed) once your vision is stabilized. This also depends upon the type of intraocular lens implanted in your eye.

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Keratoconus is a vision disorder that occurs when the normally round cornea (the front part of the eye) becomes thin and irregular (cone) shaped. This abnormal shape prevents the light entering the eye from being focused correctly on the retina and causes distortion of vision. It is characterized by para-central corneal thinning and ectasia so that the cornea takes the shape of a cone. Visual loss occurs primarily from myopia and irregular astigmatism and secondarily from corneal scarring. Keratoconus often begins at puberty and most often is seen in teenagers or young adults.

Keratoconus causes distorted vision that cannot be corrected with eyeglasses. Tiny fibers of protein in your eye called collagen help hold your cornea in place. When these fibers get weak, they can’t hold their shape. Your cornea gets more and more cone-like.

It happens when you don’t have enough protective antioxidants in your cornea. Its cells produce harmful byproducts, the same way a car puts out exhaust. Normally, antioxidants get rid of them and protect the collagen fibers. But if levels are low, the collagen weakens and the cornea bulges.

Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of keratoconus may change as the disease progresses. They include:

Blurred or distorted vision
Increased sensitivity to bright light and glare, which can cause problems with night driving
A need for frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions
Sudden worsening or clouding of vision
The swelling occurs when the strain of the cornea's protruding cone-like shape causes a tiny crack to develop. The swelling may last for weeks or months as the crack heals and is gradually replaced by scar tissue.
Monocular polyopia (perception of multiple ‘ghost’ images in the eye).
Streaking and flaring distortion around light sources.
Marked anisometropia (difference in vision of two eyes).
Photophobia (increased sensitivity to light).
Eyestrain, in order to read clearly.
Risk factors
Heredity. One in 10 keratoconus sufferers has a close family relative with the disorder.
Frequent eye rubbing, especially aggressive “knuckling” eye rubbing.
Having a history of asthma, allergies, Ehlos Danlers syndrome, Down’s syndrome
Keratoconus is categorised clinically as:
Latent stage: Latent stage was recognisable by placido disc only.
Early stage: Early stages were subdivided into two categories as:

Keratoconus fruste, which entailed 1- to 4-degree deviation of horizontal axis of the placido disc.
Early or mild keratoconus, which entailed 5- to 8-degree deviation of horizontal axis.
Causes
A family history of keratoconus has been established in some cases. Most researchers believe that multiple, complex factors are required for the development of keratoconus including both genetic and environmental factors.

With the advent of videokeratography to assess family members, however, pedigrees have been analysed. These studies show corneal changes consistent with keratoconus in some family members, which suggest an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.

Keratoconus may be associated with wide variety of systemic and ocular conditions.

Systemic associations:
Atopy (a genetic predisposition to develop an allergic reaction): Eye rubbing seen in systemic atopy may play a role in the development of keratoconus.
Down syndrome (Trisomy 21): In Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), frequency of acute hydrops is higher, perhaps because of eye rubbing and/or these patients are treated infrequently with keratoplasty and their disease is allowed to progress further.
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Marfan syndrome.
Ocular associations:
Retinitis pigmentosa.
Retinopathy of prematurity.
Fuchs’ corneal endothelial dystrophy.
Posterior polymorphous dystrophy.
Contributory factors such as:
Enzyme abnormalities in corneal epithelium: Enzyme abnormalities such as increased expression of lysosomal enzymes (catalase and cathepsin) and decreased levels of inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes (tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinases), may play a role in corneal stromal degradation.
Differentially expressed corneal epithelium: Differentially expressed corneal epithelium between keratoconus and myopes (as controls) in both genetic expression and protein expression.
Molecular defect: Molecular defect producing unusual absence of water channel protein aquaporin 5 in keratoconus as compared to normal corneal epithelium.
Gelatinolytic activity: Gelatinolytic activity in stroma has been described, which may be due to decreased function of enzyme inhibitors.
Abnormalities in corneal collagen and its cross-linking: Abnormalities in corneal collagen and its cross-linking may be the cause of keratoconus.
Hard contact lens wear.
Pathophysiology:
First is thinning of the corneal stroma then fragmentation of the Bowman layer and the deposition of iron in the basal epithelial cells, forming the Fleischer ring. Folds and breaks in the Descemet’s membrane result in acute hydrops and striae, which produces variable amount of diffuse scarring.

How diagnosis is made?
Certain tests like refraction, keratometry, corneal topography/Computerised videokeratography, ultrasound pachymetry and slit lamp microscopy help in reaching final conclusion.

Computerized videokeratography, which takes pictures of your cornea so a map can be made of the surface while also measuring the thickness of your cornea

Severity of keratoconus depends on shape of cone:
Nipple cones
Oval cones
Globus cones
Treatment
If your keratoconus is progressing, corneal collagen cross-linking might be indicated to slow or stop the progression. Contact lenses can be used to correct astigmatism and mild near-sightedness. Improving your vision depends on the severity of keratoconus. Mild to moderate keratoconus can be treated with eyeglasses or contact lenses.

Lenses
Hard contact lenses. Hard lenses may feel uncomfortable at first, but many people adjust to wearing them and they can provide excellent vision. This type of lens can be made to fit your corneas.
Piggyback lenses. If rigid lenses are uncomfortable, your doctor may recommend "piggybacking" a hard contact lens on top of a soft one.
Eyeglasses or soft contact lenses. Glasses or soft contact lenses can correct blurry or distorted vision in early keratoconus. But people frequently need to change their prescription for eyeglasses or contacts as the shape of their corneas change.
Hybrid lenses. These contact lenses have a rigid center with a softer ring around the outside for increased comfort. People who can't tolerate hard contact lenses may prefer hybrid lenses.
Scleral lenses. These lenses are useful for very irregular shape changes in your cornea in advanced keratoconus. Instead of resting on the cornea like traditional contact lenses do, scleral lenses sit on the white part of the eye (sclera) and vault over the cornea without touching it.
Surgical Interventions
Some form of surgery may become necessary if the cornea progresses in its shape-changing until it is so steep that contacts cannot be tolerated at all.

INTACS are described as arc-like and plastic. These pieces are inserted into the center of the cornea to flatten it, thereby making the eye more contact lens-tolerant.
Collagen crosslinking (CXL) with UVA is a complex surgery that involves removing the topmost layer of your cornea, adding vitamin drops and then exposing the eye to a special UV lamp that helps the cornea fibers multiply, strengthening the cornea.
Corneal transplant surgery is the last resort for most doctors. In this procedure cornea would be removed and replaced with a healthy, normal-shaped cornea. This surgery has a long recovery time, a year or more in some cases, for clear vision.
Penetrating keratoplasty. If you have corneal scarring or extreme thinning, you'll likely need a cornea transplant (keratoplasty). Penetrating keratoplasty is a full-cornea transplant. In this procedure, doctors remove a full-thickness portion of your central cornea and replace it with donor tissue
Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). The DALK procedure preserves the inside lining of the cornea (endothelium). This helps avoid the rejection of this critical inside lining that can occur with a full-thickness transplant.
Important Reminder: This information is only intended to provide guidance, not a definitive medical advice. Please consult eye doctor about your specific condition. Only a trained, experienced board certified eye doctor can determine an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.

To schedule an appointment with our experts for Keratoconus Treatment in Ghatkopar, please call us at +91 8451045935, +91-8451045934 or visit our clinic at Address.

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Glaucoma Treatment In Ghatkopar
Glaucoma is Cluster of eye diseases, resulting in optic nerve damage. Main function of optic nerve is to carry images from the retina, which is the specialized light sensing tissue, to the brain for interpretation so we can visualize it. In many cases, we do not know exactly what causes glaucoma. However, increased eye pressure is the most common risk factor for developing the disease. The pressure comes when the clear fluid in the eye, called the aqueous humor, does not drain properly.

This fluid normally helps to nourish the eye, and flows in and out of the eye through a mesh-like channel. In people with high eye pressure, the fluid does not drain properly and pressure builds up in the eye.

Due to this eye pressure delicate nerve fibers of the optic nerve are damaged. Once these nerve fibers are damaged, blind spots develop in the field of vision. It’s a permanent loss, once nerve damage and visual loss occur. Most people don't notice these blind areas until much of the optic nerve damage has already occurred. Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the world, especially in older people.

What are symptoms of Glaucoma?
Open-angle glaucoma is asymptomatic. It develops slowly and sometimes without noticeable sight loss for many years. Most people who have open-angle glaucoma feel fine because the initial loss of vision is of side or peripheral vision, and the visual acuity or sharpness of vision is maintained.

As open-angle glaucoma has few warning signs or symptoms before damage has occurred, it is recommended to see a doctor for regular eye examinations. In open-angle glaucoma, the angles in your eye are normal, but the eye’s drainage canals become clogged over time, causing an increase in internal eye pressure and subsequent damage to the optic nerve.

In Angle-closure glaucoma (also called narrow angle glaucoma) the angle is closed, causing increased eye pressure, which leads to optic nerve damage, and possible vision loss. There is an acute attack of angle closure leading to noticeable symptoms and damage occurs quickly. If you experience any of these symptoms, seek immediate care from an ophthalmologist.

Hazy or blurred vision
The appearance of rainbow-colored circles around bright lights
Severe eye and head pain
Sudden vision loss
Nausea or vomiting (accompanying severe eye pain)
Congenital glaucoma is glaucoma occurring in children, whether from birth or at a very early age. This usually happens from a physical defect in the eye that doesn’t allow it to function normally, but it can also come from some other medical issue.

Pigmentary glaucoma, or pigment dispersion, blocks the drain of your eye with tiny granules of the eye’s pigment, or the iris, after circulating through the fluid at the front of your eye.

Secondary glaucoma – Glaucoma with associated conditions like tumor, diabetes, an advanced cataract, or inflammation.