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Apr 07
E-cigarettes next big smoking poison, warns study
The fast spreading e-cigarettes are undoing the anti-smoking efforts of the last three decades, health experts warn.

Also, the number of people being poisoned by e-cigarettes in the US has gone up manifold in the last few years, according to official reports.

The number of calls to poison centres in the US relating to e-cigarettes has risen from one per month in September 2010 to 215 per month in February 2014.

The figures, from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), also show the number of calls per month relating to conventional cigarettes did not increase in the same way.

The CDC statistics show that more than half of the calls relate to children under the age of five.

Poisoning related to e-cigarettes involves the liquid containing nicotine used in the devices.

"This report raises another red flag about e-cigarettes -- the liquid nicotine used in e-cigarettes can be hazardous," CDC director Tom Frieden said in a statement.

E-cigarette liquids come in candy and fruit flavours that are appealing to children.

"The most recent National Youth Tobacco Survey showed e-cigarette use is growing fast, and now this report shows e-cigarette related poisonings are also increasing rapidly," Tim McAfee, director of CDC's office on smoking and health, was quoted as saying.

The study comes close on the heels of news that the Welsh government might include e-cigarettes under the smoking ban.

Apr 07
The weed that causes cancer may well kill it
Tobacco has been associated with and much maligned for causing cancers. Researchers have now found that the tobacco plant's defence mechanism could well work in humans to destroy invading cancer cells.

A molecule called NaD1 is found in the flower of the tobacco plant that fights off fungi and bacteria.

This compound also has the ability to identify and destroy cancer, the team discovered.

"This is a welcome discovery whatever the origin," Mark Hulett from La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science in Melbourne was quoted as saying.

The molecule, found in nicotiana sylvestris (flowering tobacco) plant, forms a pincer-like structure that grips onto lipids present in the membrane of cancer cells.

It then effectively rips them open, causing the cell to expel its contents and explode.

According to researchers, this universal defence process could also potentially be harnessed for the development of antibiotic treatment for microbial infections.

The pre-clinical work is being conducted by the Melbourne biotechnology company Hexima.

"The preliminary trials have looked promising," said Hulett.

The study was published in the journal eLife.

Apr 05
'United effort needed against vector-borne diseases in South Asia'
Vector-borne diseases like dengue and malaria still have a significant impact on the socio-economic status of countries in south Asia, the WHO said Thursday, calling for a united effort against them.

"These diseases are still killing thousands of people in the WHO southeast Asia Region," a World Health Organization release said.

Forty percent of the global population at risk of malaria lives in the WHO southeast Asia region, home to a quarter of the world's population, it said.

"These are deadly but preventable diseases. The solution lies in a united and sustained effort from all of us," said WHO regional director Poonam Khetrapal Singh.

"This region recently defeated polio, it is time for us to show the same resolve to defeat malaria, dengue and other vector-borne diseases," she added.

Vector-borne diseases account for 17 percent of the estimated global burden of all infectious diseases with malaria being endemic in 10 of the 11 countries of the region, including India.

"With mass drug administration with effective coverage, there is no reason why diseases like lymphatic filariasis cannot be eliminated from the region," said Singh.

"Countries must prioritize vector-borne diseases in their national development agendas. Communities need to be empowered to fight this battle and protect themselves. Preventing and controlling vector-borne diseases is everyone's responsibility," she said.

Apr 05
Ebola claims more lives in Liberia
The deadly Ebola virus has claimed two more lives in Liberia, Minister of Health and Social Welfare Walter Gwenigale said Thursday, taking the death toll to seven in the West African nation.

Gwenigale told a regular press conference in Morovia, the country's capital city, that the two people included a woman who got infected as a result of taking care of her sister who contracted the virus in Lofa county. The woman died Wednesday night, Xinhua reported.

The minister told reporters that after contracting the virus, the woman travelled from Lofa to Chicken-soup Factory in Gardnersville and was later taken to Firestone by the taxi driver where she later died and that her child who is currently sick is being quarantined.

Gwenigale said the other one of the two newly deceased is a 25-year-old man who died at the Tapita Hospital in Nimba county few minutes after he was taken there for treatment.

He said though his death is not proven to be Ebola from standard laboratory test, the ministry concluded that he died of the deadly virus having considered the different signs and symptoms that go along with the virus and observed that they were exactly the same that affected him before he died.

He said Ebola is real and is present in Liberia and that no one Liberian should take it as a joking matter.

Ebola virus is considered one of the most aggressive virus known to date in part because of its rapidity to kill, which can be within one week from exposure or three to four days from the first symptoms become apparent. This leaves very little time for any treatment to act and save a sick individual.

Apr 04
Men who started smoking before age 11 likelier to have fatter sons
Researchers have revealed men, who started smoking regularly before the age of 11 had sons who, on average, had 5-10kg more body fat than their others by the time they were in their teens.

The researchers at the University of Bristol say this could indicate that exposure to tobacco smoke before the start of puberty may lead to metabolic changes in the next generation.

The effect, although present, was not seen to the same degree in daughters. Many other factors, including genetic factors and the father's weight, were taken into account but none could explain the change. In fact, the fathers who started smoking before 11 tended to have lower BMIs (body mass index) on average.

The effect was not seen in the sons of men who started smoking after the age of 11, suggesting that the period before the start of puberty is a particularly sensitive period for environmental exposures.

Of the 9,886 fathers enrolled in the study, 5,376 (54 per cent) were smokers at some time and, of these, 166 (3 per cent) reported smoking regularly before the age of 11.

When measured at age 13, 15 and 17, the sons of the men in the latter category had the highest BMIs at each time point compared with the sons of men who had started smoking later or who had never smoked. More precisely, these boys had markedly higher levels of fat mass (recorded using whole-body scans), ranging from an extra 5kg to 10kg between ages 13 and 17.

The research has been published in the European Journal of Human Genetics.

Apr 04
Circumcision benefits far outweigh its risks
In a new study, researchers have shown that the benefits of infant male circumcision exceed the risks by over 100 to 1.

Brian Morris, Professor Emeritus in the School of Medical Sciences at the University of Sydney and his colleagues in Florida and Minnesota found that over their lifetime half of uncircumcised males will contract an adverse medical condition caused by their foreskin.

The findings add considerable weight to the latest American Academy of Pediatrics policy that supports education and access for infant male circumcision.

Whereas circumcision rates have risen in white men to 91 percent, in black men to 76 percent, and in Hispanic men to 44 percent, the study authors found an alarming decrease in infants. To get the true figures they had to correct hospital discharge data for underreporting. This showed that circumcision had declined from a high of 83 percent in the 1960s to 77 percent today.

There seemed to be two major reasons for the fall - one is a result of demographic changes, with the rise in the Hispanic population. Hispanic families tend to be less familiar with the custom, making them less likely to circumcise their baby boys, while the other is the current absence of Medicaid coverage for the poor in 18 US states. In those states circumcision is 24 percent lower.

"The new findings now show that infant circumcision should be regarded as equivalent to childhood vaccination and that as such it would be unethical not to routinely offer parents circumcision for their baby boy. Delay puts the child's health at risk and will usually mean it will never happen," Professor Morris said.

In infancy the strongest immediate benefit is protection against urinary tract infections (UTIs) that can damage the kidney in half of babies who get a UTI. Morris and co-investigator Tom Wiswell, MD, Center for Neonatal Care, Orlando, showed last year that over the lifetime UTIs affect 1 in 3 uncircumcised males.

In a landmark systematic review, Morris, with John Krieger, MD, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, showed that there is no adverse effect of circumcision on sexual function, sensitivity, or pleasure. This helped dispel one myth perpetuated by opponents of the procedure.

The study has been published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings.

Apr 03
Indian American scientist finds why cholesterol worsens in winter
Cholesterol levels usually go up in colder months - a trend that may be driven by behavioural changes that occur with the changing seasons, new research by an Indian American researcher shows.

While previous studies have shown that heart attacks and heart-related deaths increase during the winter, researchers at Johns Hopkins' Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease were interested in finding out whether cholesterol parameters might follow a similar pattern.

They studied a massive data representing 2.8 million adults - the largest study so far to look at seasonal lipid trends in adults.

"We found that people tend to have worse cholesterol numbers on average during the colder months than in the warmer months - not by a very large amount, but the variation is significant," said Parag Joshi, a cardiology fellow at Johns Hopkins Hospital.

"The data instead validates a clear seasonal pattern and underscores the need to pay attention to behaviours that are critical to minimising cardiovascular risk," Joshi said.

"In the summer, we tend to get outside, we are more active and have healthier behaviours overall," Joshi added.

"In the colder months, we tend to crawl into our caves, eat fat-laden comfort foods and get less exercise, so what we see is that LDL and non-HDL bad cholesterol markers are slightly worse," he added.

So you have a lipid signature of higher risk but it is driven by behaviours that occur with the changing seasons.

Researchers speculate the shorter days of winter - and limited time spent outside - also mean less sun exposure and, subsequently, lower concentrations of vitamin D, which has also been associated with the ratio of bad to good cholesterol.

More research is needed to further tease out what might be behind these seasonal variations, Joshi told the gathering at the American College of Cardiology's 63rd Annual Scientific Session recently.

Apr 03
New blood test could predict risk of sudden cardiac death
A researcher has found that a simple blood test can predict a person's risk for sudden cardiac death.

Samuel C. Dudley , M.D., Ph.D, chief of cardiology at the CVI, said that the primary prevention model for at-risk patients in the U.S. is to implant an ICD before a cardiac event happens. While it's better to be safe, this has led to widespread overuse of ICDs throughout the U.S. and abroad.

Samuel C. Dudley , M.D., Ph.D, chief of cardiology at the CVI, said that the primary prevention model for at-risk patients in the U.S. is to implant an ICD before a cardiac event happens. While it's better to be safe, this has led to widespread overuse of ICDs throughout the U.S. and abroad.

Dudley asserted that with this blood test, they can refine the need for such a device, and instead implant the cardiac defibrillators only in the most severe cases of sudden cardiac death risk.

The new blood test is in a pilot phase and will be validated in a large, multi-site trial led by Dudley and other researchers at Lifespan's CVI anticipated to start this fall.

The study has been published online in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Apr 02
Self-healing engineered muscle grown in lab
In a major breakthrough in the field of medical research, biomedical engineers have grown self-healing muscle in the laboratory for the first time.

The strong, lab-grown muscle contracts powerfully and rapidly, integrates into mice quickly, and demonstrates the ability to heal itself both inside the laboratory and inside an animal.

The study conducted at Duke University tested the bioengineered muscle by literally watching it through a window on the back of living mouse. The novel technique allowed for real-time monitoring of the muscle's integration and maturation inside a living, walking animal.

Both the lab-grown muscle and experimental techniques are important steps toward growing viable muscle for studying diseases and treating injuries, Nenad Bursac, associate professor of biomedical engineering at Duke, said.

Through years of perfecting their techniques, a team led by Bursac and graduate student Mark Juhas discovered that preparing better muscle requires two things: well-developed contractile muscle fibers and a pool of muscle stem cells, known as satellite cells.

Every muscle has satellite cells on reserve, ready to activate upon injury and begin the regeneration process. The key to the team's success was successfully creating the microenvironments, called niches, where these stem cells await their call to duty.

The engineers are now beginning work to see if their biomimetic muscle can be used to repair actual muscle injuries and disease.

The study is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition.

Apr 02
Earl Grey tea could keep heart disease at bay
Here's a good news for Earl Grey tea lovers! Scientists say drinking Earl Grey tea daily could keep heart disease at bay.

According to researchers, Earl Grey or black tea contains an extract of a Mediterranean citrus fruit called bergamot, which was found to lower cholesterol as well as guard against a disease that causes more than a quarter of all deaths in the UK.

Bergamot also gives Earl Grey the distinct taste and smell that has traditionally made this tea quite popular.

The study, published in the Journal of Functional Foods, revealed that the fragrant bergamot extract contains enzymes known as HMGF (hydroxy methyl glutaryl flavonones), which can attack proteins in the body known to contribute to cardiovascular disease.

The scientists added that a dietary supplement of HMGF could be just as effective as statins in combating low-density proteins (LDL) or "bad" cholesterol.

While statins are wonder drugs used to control cholesterol, it may have side effects on patients.

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