One in five high schoolers has permanent ringing in the ears, and few take measures to protect their ears from loud music, according to a new study.

Those numbers are surprisingly similar to results of a study of college-aged adults, said lead author Annick Gilles, a clinical audiologist at Antwerp University Hospital in Edegem, Belgium.

She and her coauthors had expected the numbers to be higher for college-aged people, who "go out a lot," she told Reuters Health.

Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, caused by loud noise exposure is clearly linked to hearing damage, she said. People with permanent ringing in the ears may be able to hear the same volumes of sound as before the damage, but often have trouble separating speech sounds out of a mix of noises.
For the new study, almost 4,000 Flemish high school students completed a questionnaire about temporary and permanent ringing in the ears, also answering questions about their attitudes toward loud noises and hearing protection.

Three out of four kids experienced temporary tinnitus, and one in five heard ringing all the time. Only five percent of the kids said they used any kind of hearing protection against loud noise, such as ear plugs, according to results in the journal PLOS ONE.

"Tinnitus on its own can be very troublesome and have dramatic effects on individuals," said hearing researcher Dr. Josef Shargorodsky, a fellow at Johns Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore. "Many of the teens in this study likely also have associated hearing loss, which really exacerbates the problem."

About 20 percent of people with tinnitus find it bothersome enough to seek medical help, said Brian Fligor, a pediatric audiologist from Harvard Medical School in Boston.

"Bothersome tinnitus interferes with sleep, concentration, communication, and ability to relax," said Fligor, who was not involved with the study.

"In short, in a teenager it means they will fall way behind academically, might miss a lot of school, repeat grades, etc. This of course has huge implications for future college and employment opportunities," he told Reuters Health in an email.

Using the widespread cases of tinnitus among kids as a warning sign for future hearing loss could be a good strategy, said Dr. Roland Eavey, an ear, nose and throat specialist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, who also didn`t participate in the research.

"Perhaps that might be like warning smokers to heed the cough before lung cancer is found," Eavey told Reuters Health.

"Hearing loss from noise used to be from external sources such as loud industry and the military," he said. "Nowadays the loud volume is from self-inflicted sources such as personal listening devices."

Gilles said there is treatment for noise trauma that results in hearing loss and tinnitus - including steroids or hyperbaric oxygen chambers - but after a few days, the damage cannot be reversed.

"It is always a very good idea to use hearing protection in noisy situations such as concerts, festivals (and) parties," Gilles said. "In addition, the use of personal listening devices should be more carefully controlled."

Many young people listen to music that is too loud for too long on headphones, she said.

"Parents should check that their kids are listening to music at reasonable volumes, and use hearing protection in loud environments," Shargorodsky, who wasn`t part of the study team, told Reuters Health.

Kids who say they hear ringing should be tested for hearing loss, since the two often go together, he added.

"There is no cure for tinnitus or hearing loss, but physicians can guide the families to help deal with the problems depending on the severity," he said.

Research on the genetics of diabetes could help women get to know their risk of developing gestational diabetes before getting pregnant - and lead to measures being taken to protect the health of the offspring.

Gestational diabetes affects 18 percent of pregnancies but usually disappears when a pregnancy is over. Babies born to women with gestational diabetes are typically larger at birth, which can lead to complications during delivery.

They are at an increased risk of developing metabolic diseases, like diabetes, in childhood and adulthood.

Researchers found variants in two genes - HKDC1 and BACE2 - that were associated with measures of glucose and insulin levels of pregnant women but not associated with these measures in the rest of the population, including people with type 2 diabetes.

First author M. Geoffrey Hayes, an assistant professor of medicine-endocrinology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and assistant professor of anthropology at Northwestern`s Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, said that with additional study and verification of these and other risk genes, we could one day have genetic risk profiles to identify individuals at elevated risk for developing gestational diabetes.

The findings suggest that the roles of the gene HKDC1 in glucose metabolism and BACE2 in insulin secretion are more important during pregnancy versus the non-pregnant state - across all ethnicities studied.

Researchers used DNA and phenotype data of more than 4,000 participants of four different ancestry backgrounds (Hispanic, Thai, Afro-Caribbean and European) from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study.

This study`s findings could one day help pinpoint quantitative genetic traits that predict which women may develop gestational diabetes.

William L. Lowe, Jr. , M.D., professor of medicine-endocrinology at Feinberg and senior author of the study, said that by knowing your risk when going into a pregnancy or early on during pregnancy, you might be screened for evidence of high glucose levels test sooner rather than later and begin preventive measures to protect the health of your offspring.

The findings have been published in Diabetes, a journal of the American Diabetes Association.