Thyroid disorders do not kill a person, but they affect quality of life.

The disorders arise either because of abnormal production of thyroid hormones (over or under), abnormal structure or congenital developmental disorders.

Goiter refers to an enlargement of the thyroid gland. Common causes for goiter are iodine deficiency and auto immune thyroid disease wherein antibodies, which slowly destroy the thyroid, are produced in the body.

Hypothyroidism refers to reduced activity of the thyroid glandleading to underproduction and low levels of T3 and T4 hormones in the blood. This can occur because of primary damage to the thyroid gland by antibodies, or because of certain drugs. Hypothyroidism is more common in females.

Hyperthyroidism refers to over activity of the thyroid leading to increased T3 and T4 levels. This can occur usually because of stimulating antibodies, or rarely due to pregnancy, drugs and ovarian tumours. Cigarette smoking can worsen this state.

The symptoms of thyroid dysfunction are subtle. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose these disorders. But the good thing is thyroid problems can be easily diagnosed and treated. Timely intervention improves quality of life and well-being of the patient.